辰
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
辰 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一一女 (MMMV), four-corner 71232, composition ⿸厂⿱二⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJK) or ⿸厂⿸⿱二𠄌⿺乀丿(HTV))
- Kangxi radical #161, ⾠.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/辰
- 侲, 㖘, 娠, 帪, 振, 浱, 𪺼, 陙, 桭, 祳, 脤, 𤱼, 䀼, 𪿟, 裖, 𦁄, 𦓶, 蜄, 𧣨, 誫(𫍨), 賑(赈), 䟴, 𨉎, 𨌑, 鋠(𫓵), 𬴶, 𩷩, 𪘝
- 䣅, 𢦿, 敐, 㰮, 㲀, 𣭽, 䫃, 𪁧, 唇, 𪣗, 𡝌, 𫸚, 𢛚, 㫳, 𬅾, 脣, 蜃, 𪓧, 𧒏, 𫤹, 宸, 𡷰, 莀, 晨, 𤲆, 䆣, 震, 𦻼, 𣊤, 𫘾, 曟, 屒, 𢈫, 𭼏, 麎
References
- KangXi: page 1252, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38682
- Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3606, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8FB0
- Unihan data for U+F971
Chinese
trad. | 辰 | |
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simp. # | 辰 | |
alternative forms | 𫝕 𨑃 ancient 𨑄 ancient 𠨷 ancient 𠩟 ancient |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 辰 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
帪 | *tjɯn |
賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
震 | *tjɯn |
娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
辰 | *djɯn |
晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
宸 | *djɯn |
鷐 | *djɯn |
麎 | *djɯn |
祳 | *djɯnʔ |
脤 | *djɯnʔ |
鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
陙 | *djun |
脣 | *ɦljun |
漘 | *ɦljun |
Pictogram (象形) – a kind of agricultural tool used for tilling the fields and removing weeds (Guo, 1931; Qiu, 1992), possibly made of a kind of large clam 蜃 (OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) (Guo, 1931).
Alternatively, it could be a pictogram (象形) of a person holding onto a cliff – original character of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to hold up”) (Shang, 1983).
Etymology
- “to vibrate”
- Related to 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- “fifth earthly branch”
- Norman (1985) suggests that it is from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁la(a)n (“python”), whence Vietnamese trăn, Khmer ថ្លាន់ (thlan), Mon ကၠန် (klɔn). However, Ferlus (2013) points to reconstructions like *dər (Baxter & Sagart) and *ᴸdzɨr (Ferlus) and remarks that those do not match any animal's name in Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) languages. Therefore, 辰 might have been associated arbitrarily with the dragon (龍).
- Smith (2011) agrees with the proposal (e.g. by Guo, 1931) that 辰 (OC dən) initially depicted an agricultural implement made from clams' shells and was the original form of 蜃 (OC dəns, “mollusc, clam”); so he proposes that the fifth earthly branch depicted the moon's second waning-gibbous phase, which looks like a clam. He also suggests that 辰 (chén) also represented the ovoid-shaped rising sun and is thus related to 晨 (chén, “early morning”).
- “time”
- From 時 (OC *djɯ, “time”) + nominalizing suffix -n, literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). This word partially converges with 晨 (OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn, “morning”) (ibid.).
- “heavenly body”
- The endopassive of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to shake; to stir”), literally “to stir oneself”, i.e. “when life begins to stir” > “heavenly bodies that mark time” (ibid.).
Pronunciation
Definitions
辰
- † to vibrate
- fifth of twelve earthly branches (地支), variously equated with
- (Chinese zodiac) dragon (龍)
- (navigation) a bearing of 120° (between ESE and SE)
- (Chinese calendar) the 3rd lunar month (三月)
- (Chinese calendar) the 5th day or year in a dozen
- (Chinese timekeeping) the 2-hour period between 7 and 9 am
- time; day; season
- heavenly body; stars
- † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心宿 (Xīnxiù, “Heart Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
- † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 北極星/北极星 (Běijíxīng, “North Star”).
- † Alternative form of 晨 (chén, “early morning”).
- a surname
Coordinate terms
- (earthly branches) 地支; 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥
Compounds
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References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #3410”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- the dragon as the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac
Readings
- Go-on: じん (jin)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)
- Kun: たつ (tatsu, 辰); とき (toki, 辰)
- Nanori: のぶ (nobu); のぶる (noburu)
Compounds
- 辰韓 (shinkan): the Jinhan confederacy: a twelve-member confederation, located on the southeast of the Korean peninsula during the proto-Three Kingdoms period, later absorbed into the growing Silla kingdom
- 辰刻 (shinkoku): the hour of the dragon: 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM
- 辰刻法 (shinkokuhō): a timekeeping method used during the Edo period, using six hours for the day and six for the night
- 辰沙 (shinsha), 辰砂 (shinsha), 辰砂 (shinsa): cinnabar, mercury sulfide: a common ore of mercury
- 辰砂油 (shinshayu): cinnabar oil, vermilion oil: cinnabar mixed with oil, used to treat dermatitis
- 辰宿 (shinshuku): a constellation
- 辰祭り (tatsu matsuri): "dragon festival": a ceremony in Edo-period Japan, held at the houses of the wealthy in the hour of the dragon on the first day of the dragon after New Years
- 辰松 (Tatsumatsu): the name of a family of traditional Japanese puppeteers
- 辰松風 (Tatsumatsu-fū): a men's hairstyle popular in the middle of the Edo period, popularized by a noted puppeteer of the Takamatsu family
- 辰星 (Shinsei), 辰星 (Tachimiboshi): alternate name for the planet Mercury; alternate name for the star Antares
- 辰年 (tatsudoshi): the year of the dragon under the Chinese zodiac
- 辰巳 (tatsumi): between the dragon and the snake: around 9:00 AM on the clock, or southeast on the compass
- 辰巳下り (tatsumi sagari), 辰巳下 (tatsumi sagari): gentle and refined of speech and manner
- 辰巳上り (tatsumi agari), 辰巳上 (tatsumi agari): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner; a woman from the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
- 辰巳言葉 (tatsumi kotoba): a slang or argot used by the prostitutes and geisha of the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
- 辰巳調子 (tatsumi chōshi): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner
- 忌辰 (kishin): deathday; anniversary of a person's death
- 時辰 (jishin): time
- 星辰 (seishin): star
- 誕辰 (tanshin): birthday
- 北辰 (hokushin): North Star; polestar
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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辰 |
たつ Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
From the verb たつ (tatsu, “to get up, to take off”) (whence also 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”)), from the notion of a dragon flying.
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) たつ [tàtsú] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA(key): [ta̠t͡sɨᵝ]
- Homophone: 竜
Proper noun
辰 • (Tatsu)
- the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Noun
辰 • (tatsu)
- by extension from the zodiac:
- the name of the year or day corresponding to the fifth in a cycle of twelve
- roughly east-southeast, specifically 30° south of due east (i.e. a bearing of 120°)
- the hour of the dragon, specifically 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM; sometimes treated as 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM instead
- alternate name for 三月 (sangatsu, “the month of March”)
Derived terms
- 辰の市 (tatsu no ichi): in the Yamato kingdom of ancient Japan, markets held every day of the dragon
- 辰の一点 (tatsu no itten): the first 30 minutes of the hour of the dragon
- 辰の刻 (tatsu no koku): the hour of the dragon
- 辰の時 (tatsu no toki): the hour of the dragon
- 辰に巻いて巳にこぼす (tatsu ni maite mi ni kobosu): sunny one day, rainy the next
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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辰 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 辰 (dzyin).
Proper noun
辰 • (Shin)
- the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC d͡ʑiɪn).
Historical Readings | ||
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Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 별〯 신 | Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 미르〮 진 | Recorded as Middle Korean 진 (cin) (Yale: cìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 별자리 신 | Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 별 신 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕin]
- Phonetic hangul: [진]
Hanja
Wikisource辰 (eumhun 별 진 (byeol jin))
辰 (eumhun 다섯째 지지 진 (daseotjjae jiji jin))
- Hanja form? of 진 (“name of a star”).
- Hanja form? of 진 (“the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”).
Compounds
- 진한 (辰韓, Jinhan, “Jinhan confederacy”)
- 변진 (弁辰, Byeonjin, “Byeonhan confederacy”)
- 진극 (辰極, jin'geuk, “North Star; Polaris”)
- 시진 (時辰, sijin, “time”)
- 진성 (辰星, Jinseong, “Mercury”)
- 진수 (辰宿, jinsu, “constellation”)
- 일진 (日辰, iljin, “daily horoscope”)
- 임진왜란 (壬辰倭亂, Imjinwaeran, “Japanese invasions of Korea”)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC d͡ʑiɪn).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 씬 (Yale: ssìn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄯᅢ 신 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰin]
- Phonetic hangul: [신]
Hanja
辰 (eumhun 때 신 (ttae sin))
- Hanja form? of 신 (“time”).
Compounds
- 탄신 (誕辰, tansin, “birthday”)
- 생신 (生辰, saengsin, “(honorific) birthday”)
- 성신 (星辰, seongsin, “star”)
- 북신 (北辰, buksin, “North Star; Polaris”)
- 신성 (辰星, sinseong, “measurement of time”)
- 가신 (佳辰, gasin, “a celebratory day”)
Usage notes
The semantics of the readings of this Hanja are irregular with the exception of when "진 (辰, jin)" is used to mean "the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches" or certain historical placenames. The reading may not semantically match its corresponding 음훈 (音訓, eumhun, “reading of the sound and meaning”).
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
辰: Hán Nôm readings: thìn, thần, thì
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