辛苦
Chinese
| 8th heavenly stem; tired | bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (辛苦) | 辛 | 苦 | |
| simp. #(辛苦) | 辛 | 苦 | |
| anagram | 苦辛 | ||
Pronunciation
Adjective
辛苦
- laborious; hard; miserable; exhausting
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 辛苦 (“laborious”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 辛苦 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 辛苦 |
| Taiwan | 辛苦 | |
| Malaysia | 辛苦 | |
| Singapore | 辛苦 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 辛苦 |
| Hong Kong | 辛苦 | |
| Taishan | 辛苦 | |
| Dongguan | 辛苦 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 辛苦 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 辛苦 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 辛苦 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 辛苦 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 辛苦 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 辛苦 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 辛苦 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 辛苦 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 辛苦 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 辛苦 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 艱苦 |
| Quanzhou | 艱苦 | |
| Zhangzhou | 艱苦 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 艱苦 | |
| Shantou | 艱苦 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 艱苦 | |
| Jieyang | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 艱苦 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 艱苦 | |
| Wenchang | 艱苦 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 艱苦 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 辛苦 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 辛苦, 衰瘏, 吃力 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 辛 | |
| Suzhou | 辛苦 | |
| Danyang | 吃力 | |
| Hangzhou | 吃力 | |
| Ningbo | 𢜭力, 吃力 | |
| Jinhua | 著力, 吃力 | |
edit
Synonyms of 辛苦
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Related terms
- 勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
- 辛勤 (xīnqín)
Verb
辛苦
- to work hard; to toil; to go through hardship
- 辛苦一輩子／辛苦一辈子 ― xīnkǔ yībèizi ― to work hard all one's life
- (polite) to trouble; to bother
Synonyms
- (to work hard): 苦幹／苦干 (kǔgàn)
- (to trouble):
edit
Synonyms of 辛苦
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Interjection
辛苦
- polite expression used in thanking someone for assistance given; can be used for general assistance over time or a specific act
- 你辛苦了！ ― Nǐ xīnkǔ le! ― Thanks for your trouble!
Usage notes
In this sense, usually followed by 了 (le).
Derived terms
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (辛苦):
- → Japanese: 辛苦 (shinku)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 辛 | 苦 |
| しん Grade: S | く Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi | |
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) しんく [shíꜜǹkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɕĩŋkɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
辛苦 • (shinku)
- hardship
Verb
辛苦する • (shinku suru) suru (stem 辛苦し (shinku shi), past 辛苦した (shinku shita))
- go through great hardship
Conjugation
Conjugation of "辛苦する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 辛苦し | しんくし | shinku shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 辛苦し | しんくし | shinku shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 辛苦する | しんくする | shinku suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 辛苦する | しんくする | shinku suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 辛苦すれ | しんくすれ | shinku sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 辛苦せよ¹ 辛苦しろ² | しんくせよ¹ しんくしろ² | shinku seyo¹ shinku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 辛苦される | しんくされる | shinku sareru | |
| Causative | 辛苦させる 辛苦さす | しんくさせる しんくさす | shinku saseru shinku sasu | |
| Potential | 辛苦できる | しんくできる | shinku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 辛苦しよう | しんくしよう | shinku shiyō | |
| Negative | 辛苦しない | しんくしない | shinku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 辛苦せず | しんくせず | shinku sezu | |
| Formal | 辛苦します | しんくします | shinku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 辛苦した | しんくした | shinku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 辛苦して | しんくして | shinku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 辛苦すれば | しんくすれば | shinku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
辛苦
- chữ Hán form of tân khổ (“distress”).