轢

See also: 轹

轢	U+8F62, 轢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F62

← 轡
[U+8F61]

CJK Unified Ideographs

轣 →
[U+8F63]

轢	U+F98D, 轢 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98D

← 歷
[U+F98C]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

年 →
[U+F98E]

Translingual

Traditional	轢
Shinjitai (extended)	𮝩
Simplified	轹

Han character

轢 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十十女戈木 (JJVID), four-corner 5209₄, composition ⿰車樂)

run over something with vehicle

References

KangXi: page 1250, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38588
Dae Jaweon: page 1728, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3561, character 4
Unihan data for U+8F62
Unihan data for U+F98D

Chinese

trad.		轢
simp.		轹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
樂	ŋraːwɢs, raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢	raːd, raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼	pqʰlaːwɢ, raːwɢ, reːwɢ, pqʰloːwɢ, roːwɢ, roːwɢ
躒	raːwɢ, reːwɢ
擽	rawɢ, reːwɢ
爍	*qʰljawɢ
鑠	*qʰljawɢ
藥	*lawɢ
櫟	lawɢ, reːwɢ
纅	*lawɢ
礫	*reːwɢ
瓅	*reːwɢ
皪	*reːwɢ
觻	reːwɢ, roːwɢ
嚛	qʰloːwɢ, qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lik¹, lik⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lik¹, lik⁶
  - Yale: līk, lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁷, lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lig¹, lig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚⁵/, /lɪk̚²/

Middle Chinese: /lɑt̚/, /lɑk̚/, /lek̚/

Rime
Character	轢	轢	轢
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (63)	唐 (103)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV
Fanqie	盧達切	盧各切	郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lat̚/	/lak̚/	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	là	luò	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laat⁶	lok⁶	lik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk/, /*[r]ˤewk/
(Zhengzhang): /*raːd/, /*raːwɢ/, /*reːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	轢	轢
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁawk/	/*[r]ˁewk/
English	crush under wheels	crush under wheels
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轢	轢	轢
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	7671	7675	7684
Phonetic component	樂	樂	樂
Rime group	月	藥	藥
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	剌	落	靂
Old Chinese	/*raːd/	/*raːwɢ/	/*reːwɢ/

Definitions

轢

to run over with a vehicle
a vandal
to bully someone
- Synonym: 欺負／欺负 (qīfu)

Compounds

凌轢／凌轹
刻轢／刻轹
軋轢／轧轹 (yàlì)

輘轢／𰺊轹
輮轢／𫐓轹
轔轢／辚轹

轢古／轹古
轢蹙／轹蹙
陵轢／陵轹

References

“轢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	𮝩
Kyūjitai	轢

Kanji

轢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𮝩)

to run over with a vehicle

Readings

Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
Kan-on: れき (reki)
Kun: きしる (kishiru, 轢る); ひく (hiku, 轢く)

Compounds

軋轢(あつれき) (atsureki): conflict

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 轢 (MC lek̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 력〮 (Yale: lyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [jʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [력/역]

Hanja

Wikisource轢 (eumhun 칠 력 (chil ryeok), South Korea 칠 역 (chil yeok))

Hanja form^? of 력/역 (“to run over with a vehicle”).

Compounds

역사 (轢死, yeoksa)
알력 (軋轢, allyeok)
역살 (轢殺, yeoksal)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.