輪臺

See also: 輪台 and 轮台

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (輪臺/輪台)		輪	臺/台
simp. (轮台)		轮	台

Etymology

Transcription of a place name in a foreign language, which was transcribed as 侖頭 (OC *run doː) in the Treatise on the Dayuan (大宛列傳) of the Records of the Grand Historian.

The name 輪臺 is attested in the famous Edict of Luntai by Emperor Wu of Han, recorded in the Book of Han. It is also attested in the Discourses on Salt and Iron (鹽鐵論) and Xin Xu (新序).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Lúntái
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ toi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Lúntái
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Lúntái
  - Wade–Giles: Lun²-tʻai²
  - Yale: Lwún-tái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luentair
  - Palladius: Луньтай (Lunʹtaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwən³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: leon⁴ toi⁴
  - Yale: lèuhn tòih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ toi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ toi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: /liuɪn dʌi/

Rime
Character	輪	臺
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力迍切	徒哀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪn/	/dʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷin/	/dəi/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuen/	/dɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwin/	/dəj/
Li Rong	/liuĕn/	/dᴀi/
Wang Li	/lĭuĕn/	/dɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯uĕn/	/dʱɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lún	tái
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leon⁴	toi⁴

Proper noun

輪臺

(～縣) Luntai (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China)
(historical) a place located in present-day Luntai county, Xinjiang during the Western Han; previously a kingdom that was ultimately conquered by general Li Guangli during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han
(historical) (～縣) a county in present-day Xinjiang during the Tang dynasty; its location is debated
- 輪臺東門送君去，去時雪滿天山路。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  轮台东门送君去，去时雪满天山路。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 8th century, 岑參 (Cen Shen), 白雪歌送武判官歸京 (A Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-clerk Wu Going Home)
  Lúntái dōngmén sòng jūn qù, qù shí xuě mǎn Tiānshān lù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)