車

See also: 车, 倝, and 重

車	U+8ECA, 車 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8ECA

← 軉
[U+8EC9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

軋 →
[U+8ECB]

⾞	U+2F9E, ⾞ KANGXI RADICAL CART

← ⾝
[U+2F9D]

Kangxi Radicals

⾟ →
[U+2F9F]

車	U+F902, 車 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F902

← 更
[U+F901]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

賈 →
[U+F903]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

車 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十田十 (JWJ), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻亘丨 or ⿻二申)

Kangxi radical #159, ⾞.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/車
俥, 唓, 𡌄, 𡝀, 𡷖, 𢚷, 捙, 𣵐, 陣, 連, 𣒞, 𤉖, 𤥭, 𪨑, 硨, 𦀺, 蛼, 𫌼, 𬦲, 𩳛, 𬵒
軋, 𠜥, 𠜒, 𨛩, 斬, 𤭔, 𩒷, 莗, 𭶼, 𫁿, 𫅨, 𠣞, 𣫂, 厙, 庫, 㾝, 𪋀, 閳, 𪢫

References

KangXi: page 1239, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38172
Dae Jaweon: page 1712, character 34
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3511, character 1
Unihan data for U+8ECA
Unihan data for U+F902

Chinese

trad.		車
simp.		车

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 車
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (車) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
車	kʰlja, kla
硨	*kʰlja
厙	*qʰljaːs
庫	*kʰaːs

Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.

Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).

Etymology

Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990; Bauer, 1994). An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆／轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (<to support; to carry; to lift).

Pronunciations 1 and 2 are cognate. A similar phonological doublet is 處 (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chē (che¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄜ
(Chengdu, SP): ce¹
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чә (čə, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ce¹, geoi¹
(Taishan, Wiktionary): cie¹
Gan (Wiktionary): ca¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhâ
(Meixian, Guangdong): ca¹
Jin (Wiktionary): ce¹
Min Bei (KCR): chiá
Min Dong (BUC): chiă
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhia / cha / ki
(Teochew, Peng'im): cia¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tsho (T1)
Xiang (Wiktionary): che¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chē
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: che
  - Wade–Giles: chʻê¹
  - Yale: chē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che
  - Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chēr
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cher
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêrh¹
  - Yale: chēr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che'l
  - Palladius: чэр (čɛr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ce¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ce
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чә (čə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ce¹, geoi¹
  - Yale: chē, gēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tse¹, goey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cé¹, gêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/, /kɵy̯⁵⁵/

Note:

ce1 - colloquial (incl. surname);
geoi1 - literary.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cie¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiɛ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ca´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ce¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia
  - Tâi-lô: tshia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Penang): /t͡ɕʰia³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
  - Tâi-lô: tsa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
  - IPA (Longyan): /t͡sa³³⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
  - Tâi-lô: ki
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴/

Note: ki - surname.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsho (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: che¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰɤ̞³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰia/

Rime
Character	車
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	尺遮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰia/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰia/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰia/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰia/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ce¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.qʰ](r)A/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	車
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chē
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhæ ›
Old Chinese	/*[t.qʰ](r)A/
English	chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	車
Reading #	1/2
No.	1311
Phonetic component	車
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	車
Old Chinese	/*kʰlja/

Definitions

人力三輪車

車

(countable) land wheeled vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛／辆 m; 部 m c; 臺／台 m mn; 架 c; 頂／顶 mn; 張／张 mn-t)
汽車／汽车 ― qìchē ― car
火車／火车 ― huǒchē ― train
街上一輛車都沒有。 [MSC, trad.]
街上一辆车都没有。 [MSC, simp.]
Jiē shàng yī liàng chē dōu méiyǒu. [Pinyin]
There is not even one car on the street.
去車行買新車 [Cantonese, trad.]
去车行买新车 [Cantonese, simp.]
heoi³ ce¹ hong^4-2 maai⁵ san¹ ce¹ [Jyutping]
to buy a new car at a car dealership
- 有車隣隣，有馬白顛。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有车邻邻，有马白颠。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu chē línlín, yǒu mǎ bái diān. [Pinyin]
  He has many carriages, giving forth their lin-lin;
  He has horses with their white foreheads.
- 阿Q被抬上了一輛沒有蓬的車，幾個短衣人物也和他同坐在一處。 [MSC, trad.]
  阿Q被抬上了一辆没有蓬的车，几个短衣人物也和他同坐在一处。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Lu Xun, 1922. The True Story of Ah Q (《阿Q正傳》)
  Āqiū bèi tái shàng le yī liàng méiyǒu péng de chē, jǐ ge duǎnyī rénwù yě hé tā tóng zuò zài yī chù. [Pinyin]
  Ah Q was lifted on to an uncovered cart, and several men in short jackets sat down with him.
wheeled instrument
滑車／滑车 ― huáchē ― pulley
紡車／纺车 ― fǎngchē ― spinning wheel
machine; instrument (Classifier: 部 m; 臺／台 m)
試車／试车 ― shìchē ― to test a new machine
to lathe
to lift water using a 水車／水车 (“old-style machine that is human or animal-powered and lifts water”)
(dialectal, including Cantonese, Wu, Min Bei, Min Nan, Liuzhou Mandarin) to transport using a vehicle
你可唔可以車我去地鐵站呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
你可唔可以车我去地铁站呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
nei⁵ ho² m⁴ ho² ji⁵ ce¹ ngo⁵ heoi³ dei⁶ tit³ zaam⁶ aa³? [Jyutping]
Can you drive me to the MTR station?
to tailor or sew using a sewing machine
車衫／车衫 [Cantonese] ― ce¹ saam¹ [Jyutping] ― to sew clothes with a sewing machine
(dialectal) to turn (one's body, etc.)
(Sichuanese) to rotate; to turn
(Internet slang) pornography; lewd content
Classifier for loads of things carried by a vehicle.
a surname

Usage notes

車／车 (chē) is a collective term for all types of vehicles with wheel(s). Additional morphemes are added in front to specify the type of the vehicle. For example:
汽車／汽车 ― qìchē ― car
火車／火车 ― huǒchē ― train
自行車／自行车 ― zìxíngchē ― bicycle
嬰兒車／婴儿车 ― yīng'érchē ― pram

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 汽車 (“car, motor vehicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		汽車
Mandarin	Beijing	汽車
	Taiwan	汽車
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	汽車
	Jinan	汽車
	Xi'an	汽車
	Wuhan	汽車
	Chengdu	汽車
	Guilin	汽車
	Pingle	汽車
	Luzhai	汽車
	Nanning (Wuming)	汽車
	Binyang (Nanjie)	汽車
	Yizhou	汽車
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	汽車
	Tianlin (Langping)	汽車
	Yangzhou	汽車
	Hefei	汽車
	Malaysia	車
	Singapore	汽車, 車
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	汽車, 馬什乃
	Dagudi (Maliba)	汽車
	Reshuitang (Longling)	汽車
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	汽車
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	汽車
Cantonese	Guangzhou	汽車, 車
	Hong Kong	汽車, 車
	Taishan	汽車
	Yangjiang	汽車
	Guiping (Jintian)	汽車
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	汽車
	Guiping (Madong)	汽車
	Qinzhou	汽車
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	汽車
	Beihai	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	汽車
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	汽車
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	汽車
	Singapore (Guangfu)	車
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	汽車
	Móng Cái	汽車
Gan	Nanchang	汽車
Hakka	Meixian	汽車
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	汽車, 自動車
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	汽車, 自動車
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	汽車, 自動車
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	汽車, 自動車
	Kuching (Hepo)	車
Jin	Taiyuan	汽車
Min Bei	Jian'ou	汽車
Min Dong	Fuzhou	汽車
Min Nan	Xiamen	汽車, 風車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	風車
	Quanzhou	汽車, 風車, 大車
	Zhangzhou	汽車, 大車, 電車 dated
	Zhao'an	汽車, 風車
	Taipei	自動車
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	自動車
	Kaohsiung	自動車, 動車
	Yilan	自動車
	Changhua (Lukang)	自動車
	Taichung	汽車, 自動車
	Tainan	自動車
	Hsinchu	自動車
	Kinmen	汽車
	Penghu (Magong)	自動車, 汽車
	Penang (Hokkien)	車
	Singapore (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Manila (Hokkien)	車, 風車
	Guilin (Biyange)	汽車
	Chaozhou	汽車, 羅里
	Shantou	羅里
	Shantou (Chenghai)	羅里
	Jieyang	羅里
	Singapore (Teochew)	車, 風車
	Pontianak (Teochew)	羅里
	Singapore (Hainanese)	車
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汽車
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	汽車
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	汽車
Wu	Shanghai	汽車, 大眼睛
	Suzhou	汽車
	Wenzhou	汽車
Xiang	Changsha	汽車
Xiang	Shuangfeng	汽車

(vehicle):

edit

車仔／车仔 (Hakka)

車子／车子 (chēzi)

車輛／车辆 (chēliàng)

Compounds

Derived terms from 車

七香車／七香车
三輪車／三轮车 (sānlúnchē)
上車／上车 (shàngchē)
上車灣／上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
下澤車／下泽车
下車／下车 (xiàchē)
中古車／中古车 (zhōnggǔchē)
乘車／乘车 (chéngchē)
交通車／交通车
便車／便车 (biànchē)
倒車／倒车 (dàochē)
候車／候车 (hòuchē)
候車室／候车室 (hòuchēshì)
停車／停车 (tíngchē)
停車位／停车位 (tíngchēwèi)
停車場／停车场 (tíngchēchǎng)
停車費／停车费 (tíngchēfèi)
僱車／雇车
公車／公车 (gōngchē)
公車票／公车票
公車站／公车站 (gōngchēzhàn)
公車處／公车处
兵車行／兵车行
冷氣車／冷气车
冷藏車／冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
出租車／出租车 (chūzūchē)
出車／出车 (chūchē)
列車／列车 (lièchē)
列車員／列车员
列車長／列车长
剎車／刹车 (shāchē)
加班車／加班车
包車／包车 (bāochē)
區間車／区间车 (qūjiānchē)
協力車／协力车
卡車／卡车 (kǎchē)
叉車／叉车 (chāchē)
叫車／叫车 (jiàochē)
吉普車／吉普车 (jípǔchē)
吊車／吊车 (diàochē)
吊車尾／吊车尾 (diàochēwěi)
同車／同车
單車／单车 (dānchē)
囚車／囚车
國民車／国民车
國產車／国产车
坐車／坐车 (zuòchē)
坦克車／坦克车 (tǎnkèchē)
垃圾車／垃圾车 (lājīchē)
塌車／塌车
塞車／塞车 (sāichē)
墮車／堕车
夜車／夜车 (yèchē)
大客車／大客车 (dàkèchē)
大板車／大板车 (dàbǎnchē)
大篷車／大篷车
大貨車／大货车 (dàhuòchē)
大車／大车 (dàchē)
大車拼／大车拼
太平車／太平车
套半車／套半车
套車／套车
娃娃車／娃娃车
嬰兒車／婴儿车 (yīng'érchē)
學步車／学步车 (xuébùchē)
安車／安车 (ānchē)
客車／客车 (kèchē)
宣傳車／宣传车 (xuānchuánchē)
寢車／寝车
專車／专车 (zhuānchē)
小客車／小客车
小貨車／小货车
小車／小车 (xiǎochē)
小車子／小车子
履帶車／履带车
屬車／属车
巢車／巢车
平快車／平快车
平板車／平板车 (píngbǎnchē)
平車／平车 (píngchē)
幽靈車／幽灵车
座車／座车
庫車／库车 (Kùchē)
廣柳車／广柳车
弄車鼓／弄车鼓
快車／快车 (kuàichē)
快車道／快车道 (kuàichēdào)
悶子車／闷子车
慢車／慢车 (mànchē)
慢車道／慢车道
戰車／战车 (zhànchē)
房車／房车 (fángchē)
扇車／扇车 (shànchē)
手推車／手推车 (shǒutuīchē)
手車／手车 (shǒuchē)
打車子／打车子
抬車／抬车
押車／押车
拉車／拉车
拖吊車／拖吊车 (tuōdiàochē)
拖車／拖车 (tuōchē)
拼裝車／拼装车
指南車／指南车
排子車／排子车 (pǎizichē)
掛車／挂车 (guàchē)
推橫車／推横车
推車／推车 (tuīchē)
搖車／摇车
搭便車／搭便车 (dābiànchē)
搭車／搭车 (dāchē)
摩托自行車／摩托自行车
摩托車／摩托车 (mótuōchē)
撞車／撞车 (zhuàngchē)
擱車／搁车
攔車／拦车 (lánchē)
放車／放车
救火車／救火车 (jiùhuǒchē)
救護車／救护车 (jiùhùchē)
教練車／教练车
敞篷車／敞篷车 (chǎngpéngchē)
敞車／敞车
斗車／斗车
新娘車／新娘车
旃車／旃车
旅行車／旅行车 (lǚxíngchē)
旋車盤／旋车盘
晚車／晚车 (wǎnchē)
普通車／普通车
暈車／晕车 (yùnchē)
曳引車／曳引车
望樓車／望楼车
末班車／末班车 (mòbānchē)
東洋車／东洋车 (dōngyángchē)
板兒車／板儿车
板車／板车
柴車／柴车
棚車／棚车
概念車／概念车
機車／机车 (jīchē)
機關車／机关车 (jīguānchē)
殯車／殡车 (bìnchē)
氈車／毡车 (zhānchē)
氣墊車／气垫车
氣煞車／气煞车
水車／水车 (shuǐchē)
水車前／水车前
江州車／江州车
汽車／汽车 (qìchē)

河車／河车
油壁車／油壁车 (yóubìchē)
油碧車／油碧车
油罐車／油罐车 (yóuguànchē)
油車／油车 (yóuchē)
泊車／泊车 (bóchē)
泡沫車／泡沫车
洋車／洋车 (yángchē)
海盤車／海盘车 (hǎipánchē)
消防車／消防车 (xiāofángchē)
滑板車／滑板车 (huábǎnchē)
滑行車／滑行车
滑車／滑车 (huáchē)
潘車／潘车
灑水車／洒水车 (sǎshuǐchē)
火燒車／火烧车
火車／火车 (huǒchē)
火車站／火车站 (huǒchēzhàn)
火車頭／火车头 (huǒchētóu)
炮車／炮车
烏賊車／乌贼车
煞車／煞车
煤水車／煤水车
營業車／营业车
牛車／牛车 (niúchē)
獨輪車／独轮车 (dúlúnchē)
獸力車／兽力车
班車／班车 (bānchē)
瓦斯車／瓦斯车
甩車／甩车
登車／登车 (dēngchē)
發石車／发石车
發車／发车 (fāchē)
直達車／直达车 (zhídáchē)
矢車菊／矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
砂石車／砂石车
碰碰車／碰碰车 (pèngpèngchē)
禮車／礼车
筒車／筒车
管車／管车
篷車／篷车 (péngchē)
糧車／粮车
素車／素车
紡車／纺车 (fǎngchē)
紫河車／紫河车 (zǐhéchē)
絞車／绞车 (jiǎochē)
繅車／缫车
纜車／缆车 (lǎnchē)
罐車／罐车 (guànchē)
羊車／羊车
翻車／翻车 (fānchē)
老爺車／老爷车 (lǎoyéchē)
耬車／耧车
聯結車／联结车
腳踏車／脚踏车 (jiǎotàchē)
膠皮車／胶皮车
臥車／卧车
自用車／自用车
自由車／自由车 (zìyóuchē)
自行車／自行车 (zìxíngchē)
臺車／台车 (táichē)
臺車道／台车道
舟車／舟车 (zhōuchē)
花車／花车 (huāchē)
苦車／苦车
莎車／莎车 (Shāchē)
落車／落车 (luòchē)
蒲笨車／蒲笨车
蒲車／蒲车
行車／行车 (xíngchē)
裝甲車／装甲车 (zhuāngjiǎchē)
裝車／装车 (zhuāngchē)
覆車／覆车
計程車／计程车 (jìchéngchē)
試車／试车 (shìchē)
調車場／调车场
警車／警车 (jǐngchē)
豪華車／豪华车
豹尾車／豹尾车
貨車／货车 (huòchē)
賽車／赛车 (sàichē)
贓車／赃车
超車／超车 (chāochē)
越野車／越野车 (yuèyěchē)
趕車／赶车
趕車的／赶车的
跑車／跑车 (pǎochē)
跟車／跟车
跨子車／跨子车
跳車／跳车 (tiàochē)
踏車／踏车
蹦蹦車／蹦蹦车
車主／车主 (chēzhǔ)
車仗／车仗
車份兒／车份儿
車位／车位 (chēwèi)
車僮／车僮
車公／车公 (Chēgōng)
車公里／车公里
車刀／车刀
車到山前必有路／车到山前必有路
車削／车削
車前／车前 (chēqián)
車前子／车前子 (chēqiánzǐ)
車喝／车喝
車圈／车圈 (chēquān)
車圍／车围
車城／车城 (Chēchéng)
車城路／车城路 (Chēchénglù)
車場／车场 (chēchǎng)
車塵／车尘 (chēchén)
車墊子／车垫子
車大炮／车大炮
車夫／车夫 (chēfū)
車子／车子 (chēzi)
車字旁／车字旁 (chēzìpáng)
車客／车客
車宮／车宫
車家店／车家店 (Chējiādiàn)
車容／车容
車尾／车尾 (chēwěi)
車工／车工 (chēgōng)
車帷／车帷
車幫／车帮 (chēbāng)
車床／车床 (chēchuáng)
車庫／车库 (chēkù)
車廂／车厢 (chēxiāng)
車廠／车厂 (chēchǎng)
車廠子／车厂子
車式／车式
車徒／车徒
車房／车房 (chēfáng)
車手／车手 (chēshǒu)
車技／车技 (chējì)
車把／车把 (chēbǎ)
車把勢／车把势 (chēbǎshì)
車把式／车把式 (chēbǎshi)
車掌／车掌 (chēzhǎng)
車攻／车攻
車斗／车斗
車書／车书
車服／车服
車架／车架 (chējià)
車桑仔／车桑仔
車條／车条 (chētiáo)
車棚／车棚 (chēpéng)
車次／车次 (chēcì)

車死／车死 (chēsǐ) (ce1 sei2)
車水／车水 (chēshuǐ)
車水馬龍／车水马龙 (chēshuǐmǎlóng)
車況／车况 (chēkuàng)
車流／车流 (chēliú)
車照／车照 (chēzhào)
車燈／车灯 (chēdēng)
車牌／车牌 (chēpái)
車瓦／车瓦
車百合／车百合
車皮／车皮 (chēpí)
車票／车票 (chēpiào)
車禍／车祸 (chēhuò)
車程／车程 (chēchéng)
車種／车种 (chēzhǒng)
車站／车站 (chēzhàn)
車筐／车筐 (chēkuāng)
車箱／车箱
車篷／车篷 (chēpéng)
車篷子／车篷子
車簸箕／车簸箕
車組／车组 (chēzǔ)
車老闆／车老板
車胎／车胎 (chētāi)
車腳夫／车脚夫
車腳錢／车脚钱
車舝／车舝
車葉草／车叶草
車蓋／车盖 (chēgài)
車號／车号
車螯／车螯
車行／车行 (chēháng)
車裂／车裂 (chēliè)
車豁子／车豁子
車費／车费 (chēfèi)
車資／车资 (chēzī)
車身／车身 (chēshēn)
車軌／车轨
車軲轆／车轱辘 (chēgūlu)
車軲轆會／车轱辘会
車軲轆話／车轱辘话 (chēgūluhuà)
車軸／车轴 (chēzhóu)
車軸草／车轴草
車載鬥量／车载斗量
車輔／车辅
車輛／车辆 (chēliàng)
車輦／车辇 (chēniǎn)
車輪／车轮 (chēlún)
車輪戰／车轮战 (chēlúnzhàn)
車輪會／车轮会
車輪菜／车轮菜
車輻／车辐
車輿／车舆
車轂／车毂
車轅／车辕 (chēyuán)
車轍／车辙 (chēzhé)
車速／车速 (chēsù)
車道／车道 (chēdào)
車道溝／车道沟 (chēdàogōu)
車道線／车道线
車鄰／车邻
車鈴／车铃 (chēlíng)
車鉤／车钩 (chēgōu)
車錢／车钱 (chēqián)
車長／车长 (chēzhǎng)
車門／车门 (chēmén)
車間／车间 (chējiān)
車間文學／车间文学
車閘／车闸 (chēzhá)
車陣／车阵
車隊／车队 (chēduì)
車頭／车头 (chētóu)
車馬／车马 (chēmǎ)
車馬費／车马费 (chēmǎfèi)
車駕／车驾 (jūjià)
車體／车体
車鼓弄／车鼓弄
車鼓陣／车鼓阵
軒車／轩车
軘車／𰹸车
軥車／𰺁车
軺車／轺车
輜車／辎车
輲車／𰺒车
輶車／𬨎车
輿車／舆车
轀車／辒车
轉車／转车 (zhuǎnchē)
轎車／轿车 (jiàochē)
迴車／回车
通車／通车 (tōngchē)
遊覽車／游览车 (yóulǎnchē)
過山車／过山车 (guòshānchē)
遣車／遣车
野雞車／野鸡车 (yějīchē)
金龜車／金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
鈿車／钿车
鋒車／锋车
錯車／错车
鏟雪車／铲雪车
鐵牛車／铁牛车
鐵甲車／铁甲车 (tiějiǎchē)
開倒車／开倒车 (kāidàochē)
開夜車／开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
開快車／开快车
開車／开车 (kāichē)
陷車／陷车
隨車雨／随车雨
雙套車／双套车
雪車／雪车 (xuěchē)
雲梯車／云梯车
雲車／云车
雷車／雷车
電動車／电动车 (diàndòngchē)
電纜車／电缆车 (diànlǎnchē)
電聯車／电联车 (diànliánchē)
電視車／电视车
電車／电车 (diànchē)
露車／露车
霹靂車／霹雳车
靈車／灵车 (língchē)
革勒車／革勒车 (Gélèchē)
領魂車／领魂车
風車／风车 (fēngchē)
飆車／飙车 (biāochē)
飛快車／飞快车
飛車／飞车 (fēichē)
餐車／餐车 (cānchē)
首車／首车
香車／香车
馬車／马车 (mǎchē)
駕車／驾车 (jiàchē)
騎車／骑车 (qíchē)
騾車／骡车
驅車／驱车 (qūchē)
驛馬車／驿马车
鬼車／鬼车
魂車／魂车
鸞車／鸾车 (luánjū)
鹽車／盐车
麴車／曲车
麵包車／面包车 (miànbāochē)
黃包車／黄包车 (huángbāochē)
黃屋車／黄屋车
黑牌車／黑牌车
龍尾車／龙尾车
龍骨車／龙骨车

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jū (ju¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
(Chengdu, SP): ju¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî
Min Bei (KCR): gṳ́
Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ku / kir / ki
(Teochew, Peng'im): ge¹ / gu¹
Wu (Wiktionary): jy (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jū
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
  - Wade–Giles: chü¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ju¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi¹
  - Yale: gēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
  - Tâi-lô: ku
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kw
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
  - Tâi-lô: kir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
  - Tâi-lô: ki
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ge¹ / gu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/

Note: gu1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jy (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kɨʌ/

Rime
Character	車
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/
Wang Li	/kĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.q(r)a/
(Zhengzhang): /*kla/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	車
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›
Old Chinese	/*C.q(r)a/
English	chariot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	車
Reading #	2/2
No.	1315
Phonetic component	車
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	居
Old Chinese	/*kla/

Definitions

車

(xiangqi) chariot; rook (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
(chess) rook

Coordinate terms

(Chinese chess pieces) 帥／帅/將／将, 仕/士, 相/象, 俥／伡/車／车, 傌／骂/馬／马, 炮/砲／炮, 兵/卒

Compounds

Derived terms from 車

五車／五车 (wǔchē)
余車／余车
倅車／倅车
傳車／传车 (zhuànchē)
公車／公车 (gōngchē)
前車之鑑／前车之鉴
前車之鑒／前车之鉴 (qiánchēzhījiàn)
前車可鑒／前车可鉴 (qiánchēkějiàn)
副車／副车
博覽五車／博览五车
學富五車／学富五车 (xuéfùwǔchē)
安步當車／安步当车 (ānbùdàngchē)
宮車晏駕／宫车晏驾
峻阪鹽車／峻阪盐车
巾車／巾车
徒步當車／徒步当车
怒臂當車／怒臂当车
惠施五車／惠施五车
懸車之年／悬车之年
懸車告老／悬车告老

懸車致仕／悬车致仕
攀車拒輪／攀车拒轮
攀車臥轍／攀车卧辙
旌車／旌车
書富五車／书富五车
書讀五車／书读五车
杯水車薪／杯水车薪 (bēishuǐchēxīn)
杯蛇鬼車／杯蛇鬼车
棄車保帥／弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
樓車／楼车
檀車／檀车
檻車／槛车 (jiànjū)
無將大車／无将大车
熟路輕車／熟路轻车
犢車／犊车
禽困覆車／禽困覆车
緩步代車／缓步代车
蜃車／蜃车
衣車／衣车
象車／象车

貳車／贰车
車人／车人
車右／车右
車士／车士
車殆馬煩／车殆马烦
車笠之盟／车笠之盟
車裂／车裂 (chēliè)
車駕／车驾 (jūjià)
車騎／车骑 (jūjì)
輔車相依／辅车相依
輔車脣齒／辅车唇齿
輕車／轻车
輕車介士／轻车介士
輕車熟路／轻车熟路 (qīngchēshúlù)
輕車簡從／轻车简从
長車／长车
閉門造車／闭门造车 (bìménzàochē)
革車／革车
鹿車／鹿车
鹿車共挽／鹿车共挽

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (車):

→ Japanese: 車(しゃ) (sha)
→ Korean: 차(車) (cha), 거(車) (geo)
→ Vietnamese: xa (車)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: xe (車, “wheeled vehicle”)
→ Zhuang: ci (“vehicle”)

References

“車”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #3408”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

車

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

vehicle

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}; こ (ko)
Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}; きょ (kyo)^{←きよ (kyo, historical)}
Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)

Compounds

車(しゃ)輪(りん) (sharin)
新(しん)車(しゃ) (shinsha)
自(じ)転(てん)車(しゃ) (jitensha)
電(でん)車(しゃ) (densha)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
車
しゃ Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC t͡ɕʰia).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon

IPA^(key): [ɕa̠]

Counter

車(しゃ) • (-sha)

used to count vehicles

Affix

車(しゃ) • (sha)

vehicle
韓(かん)国(こく)車(しゃ)
Kankoku-sha
South Korean vehicle
train car
Synonym: 車両
女(じょ)性(せい)専(せん)用(よう)車(しゃ)
josei-sen'yō-sha
car for women only

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
車
くるま Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, with the ideographic spelling 車.[1]

Assuming an initial meaning of wheel, may be a compound of くる (kuru, related to spinning or rotating, as in 繰る (kuru, “to spin (as in thread)”), 枢 (kuru, “hinge”), くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly, round and round”), 転めく (kurumeku, “to spin round and round, to rotate; to be dizzy”)) +‎ ま (ma, a suffix added to various parts of speech to form an indeclinable word indicating state).

Speculatively, compare also Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá) and English wheel (< Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos) and hence a possible doublet of チャクラ (chakura) and チャクラム (chakuramu).

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) くるま [kùrúmá] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Noun

車(くるま) • (kuruma) (counter 台)

a car, an automobile, a carriage, a cart
a wheel, a caster
something wheel-shaped
a style of 紋 (mon, “family crest”)
short for various terms:
1. short for 車海老 (kuruma ebi): a prawn
2. short for 車懸 (kuruma-gakari): “wheel formation”, a battle tactic where units attack in staged waves in order to prevent the opponent from resting
3. short for 肩車 (kata-guruma): riding on one's shoulders, piggyback
4. short for 手車 (te-guruma): a handcart, a wheelbarrow
5. short for 車座 (kuruma za): sitting in a circle
(obsolete) during the Edo period, in the red-light district in Ōsaka, a prostitute whose services cost four 匁 (monme) and three 分 (bun) (possibly in reference to the cost of a carriage ride)

Derived terms

車(くるま)椅子(いす) (kurumaisu, “wheelchair”)

References

c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 694), text here
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC t͡ɕʰia).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	챵 (Yale: chyà)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	又音	챠 (Yale: chyà)
Early Modern Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804	수뤼 (surwi)	챠 (cha)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠]
Phonetic hangul: [차]

Hanja

Wikisource車 (eumhun 수레 차 (sure cha))

Hanja form^? of 차 (“car; automobile; vehicle”).
Hanja form^? of 차 (“cart; wheeled machinery”).

Usage notes

This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "car."

Compounds

정차 (停車, jeongcha)
박차 (拍車, bakcha)
기차 (汽車, gicha)
전차 (電車, jeoncha)
전차 (戰車, jeoncha)
풍차 (風車, pungcha)
차량 (車輛, charyang)
열차 (列車, yeolcha)
자동차 (自動車, jadongcha)
견인차 (牽引車, gyeonincha)
주차장 (駐車場, juchajang)
승용차 (乘用車, seung'yongcha)
구급차 (救急車, gugeupcha)
소방차 (消防車, sobangcha)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 車 (MC kɨʌ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	겅 (Yale: kè)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	술위〮 (Yale: swùlGwúy)	거 (Yale: kè)
Early Modern Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804	수뤼 (surwi)	거 (geo)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹]
Phonetic hangul: [거]

Hanja

車 (eumhun 수레 거 (sure geo))

(only in compounds) Hanja form^? of 거 (“cart; wheeled machinery”).

Compounds

정거 (停車, jeonggeo)
정거장 (停車場, jeonggeojang)
자전거 (自轉車, jajeon'geo)
인력거 (人力車, illyeokgeo)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Kunigami

Kanji

車

Kun: く゚るまー (kurumā)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kˀuɾumaː/

Noun

車 (hiragana く゚るまー, romaji kurumā)

car
wheel

Miyako

Kanji

車

Kun: くるま (kuruma)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

car
wheel

Okinawan

Kanji

車

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

On: さ (sa)
Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

car
wheel

Vietnamese

Han character

車: Hán Nôm readings: xa, xe, xế

a car
(xiangqi) any piece labeled with 車; the chariot/rook.

Compounds

車踏 (xe đạp)

Yaeyama

Kanji

車

Kun: くるま (kuruma)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

car
wheel

Yonaguni

Kanji

車

Kun: くるま (kuruma)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kuɾuma/

Noun

車 (hiragana くるま, romaji kuruma)

car
wheel

[1] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 694), text here

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN