躬自

躬自

Chinese

		body; oneself; personally body; oneself; personally; to bow	from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since
simp. and trad. (躬自)		躬	自

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōngzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzyh
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨuŋ  d͡ziɪ^H/▼

Rime
Character	躬	自
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居戎切	疾二切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/	/d͡ziɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/	/d͡ziH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/	/d͡zjɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/	/d͡ziH/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/	/d͡ziH/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/	/d͡ziH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/	/d͡zʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng	zì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ  s.[b]i[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ  ɦljids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躬	自	自
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	zì	zì
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›	‹ dzijH ›	‹ dzijH ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/
English	body, person	self (adv.)	to follow; from
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躬	自
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4141	17879
Phonetic component	躬	自
Rime group	終	至
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	弓	自
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/	/*ɦljids/
Notes	同躳

Adverb

躬自

1. (literary) personally; in person; oneself

   • 子曰：「躬自厚而薄責於人，則遠怨矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Gōngzì hòu ér bózé yú rén, zé yuǎn yuàn yǐ.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others, will keep himself from being the object of resentment."

   • 靜言思之、躬自悼矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     静言思之、躬自悼矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jìngyán sī zhī, gōngzì dào yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Silently I think of it,
     And bemoan myself.