躊躇
See also: 踌躇
Chinese
phonetic | |||
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trad. (躊躇) | 躊 | 躇 | |
simp. (踌躇) | 踌 | 躇 | |
alternative forms | 躊躕/踌蹰 |
Etymology
Reduplication with the original form of *du da.
Cognate with 躑躅 (OC *deɡ doɡ), 踟躕 (OC *de do), 彳亍 (OC *tʰeɡ toɡs/tʰoɡ), all meaning "walking slowly or with difficulty > hesitant".
Pronunciation
Verb
躊躇
- to walk back and forth
- to hesitate; to pause
- 聽完了我的話,老師躊躇了一會兒,才發表他的意見。 [MSC, trad.]
- Tīng wán le wǒ de huà, lǎoshī chóuchú le yīhuìr, cái fābiǎo tā de yìjiàn. [Pinyin]
- After hearing me out, my teacher hesitated for a moment before stating his opinion.
听完了我的话,老师踌躇了一会儿,才发表他的意见。 [MSC, simp.]
- 耶穌若來,你準備好沒?不通躊躇,著掠住機會! [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 生命弦 (LifeStrings), 耶稣欲搁来
- Ia-so͘ nā lâi, lí chún-pī hó bōe? M̄-thang tiû-tû, tio̍h lia̍h tiâu ki-hōe! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- If Jesus comes, are you ready yet? Don't hesitate! Hold onto the opportunity!
耶稣若来,你准备好没?不通踌躇,着掠住机会! [Hokkien, simp.]
Synonyms
- (to walk back and forth):
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- (to hesitate):
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Synonyms of 躊躇
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Derived terms
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Adjective
躊躇
- (literary) smug; complacent; self-satisfied
Derived terms
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Related terms
- 志得意滿/志得意满 (zhìdéyìmǎn)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (躊躇):
- → Japanese: 躊躇 (chūcho)
- → Korean: 주저(躊躇) (jujeo)
- → Vietnamese: trù trừ (躊躇)
References
- “Entry #13200”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
躊 | 躇 |
ちゅう Hyōgaiji | ちょ Hyōgaiji |
kan’on |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 躊躇 (MC ɖɨu ɖɨʌ).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) ちゅうちょ [chúꜜùchò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːt͡ɕo̞]
Noun
躊躇 • (chūcho) ←ちうちょ (tiutyo)?
- hesitation, indecision, wavering
Synonyms
- 躊躇い (tamerai)
- 遅疑 (chigi)
- 逡巡 (shunjun)
- 猶予 (yūyo)
Verb
躊躇する • (chūcho suru) ←ちうちょ (tiutyo)? suru (stem 躊躇し (chūcho shi), past 躊躇した (chūcho shita))
- to hesitate, to be undecided, to waver
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
- 躊躇する訳にはゆかないのである
- chūcho suru wake ni wa yukanai no de aru
- we cannot hesitate
- 躊躇する訳にはゆかないのである
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
Conjugation
Conjugation of "躊躇する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 躊躇し | ちゅうちょし | chūcho shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 躊躇し | ちゅうちょし | chūcho shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 躊躇する | ちゅうちょする | chūcho suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 躊躇する | ちゅうちょする | chūcho suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 躊躇すれ | ちゅうちょすれ | chūcho sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 躊躇せよ¹ 躊躇しろ² | ちゅうちょせよ¹ ちゅうちょしろ² | chūcho seyo¹ chūcho shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 躊躇される | ちゅうちょされる | chūcho sareru | |
Causative | 躊躇させる 躊躇さす | ちゅうちょさせる ちゅうちょさす | chūcho saseru chūcho sasu | |
Potential | 躊躇できる | ちゅうちょできる | chūcho dekiru | |
Volitional | 躊躇しよう | ちゅうちょしよう | chūcho shiyō | |
Negative | 躊躇しない | ちゅうちょしない | chūcho shinai | |
Negative continuative | 躊躇せず | ちゅうちょせず | chūcho sezu | |
Formal | 躊躇します | ちゅうちょします | chūcho shimasu | |
Perfective | 躊躇した | ちゅうちょした | chūcho shita | |
Conjunctive | 躊躇して | ちゅうちょして | chūcho shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 躊躇すれば | ちゅうちょすれば | chūcho sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
- ぐずぐず (guzuguzu)
- 躊躇う (tamerau)
- 遅疑 (chigi)
- 逡巡 (shunjun)
- 猶予 (yūyo)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
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躊 | 躇 |
Noun
躊躇 • (jujeo) (hangeul 주저)
- Hanja form? of 주저 (“hesitation”).