蹴ゑる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蹴 |
| く Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Shift from earlier 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verb form 蹴う (kuu).
There is some textual evidence that this kweru form may have already been in use in the late Heian period, as recorded in the Ruiju Myōgishō.[1]
This eventually fell out of use as the kwe phoneme collapsed into ke, resulting in the modern form 蹴る (keru).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) く𛅑る [kwéꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA(key): [kɰᵝe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
蹴ゑる • (kweru) transitive ichidan (stem 蹴ゑ (kwe), past 蹴ゑた (kweta))
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) Early Middle Japanese and early Late Middle Japanese form of 蹴る (keru, “to kick”)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "蹴ゑる" (カ行下一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 蹴ゑ | くゑ | kwe |
| Continuative (連用形) | 蹴ゑ | くゑ | kwe |
| Terminal (終止形) | 蹴ゑる | くゑる | kweru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 蹴ゑる | くゑる | kweru |
| Realis (已然形) | 蹴ゑれ | くゑれ | kwere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 蹴ゑよ | くゑよ | kweyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 蹴ゑず | くゑず | kwezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 蹴ゑれど | くゑれど | kweredo |
| Causal conjunction | 蹴ゑれば | くゑれば | kwereba |
| Conditional conjunction | 蹴ゑば | くゑば | kweba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 蹴ゑき | くゑき | kweki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 蹴ゑけり | くゑけり | kwekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 蹴ゑつ | くゑつ | kwetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 蹴ゑぬ | くゑぬ | kwenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 蹴ゑたり | くゑたり | kwetari |
| Volitional | 蹴ゑむ | くゑむ | kwemu |
References
- “蹴”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN