赦

赦

赦 U+8D66, 赦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D66 ← 赥 [U+8D65] CJK Unified Ideographs 赧 → [U+8D67]

Translingual

Han character

赦 (radical 155, 赤+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土金人大 (GCOK), four-corner 4834₀, composition ⿰赤攵)

References

• KangXi: page 1213, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36999
• Dae Jaweon: page 1681, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3507, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8D66

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		赦
variant forms		𢼜 𢽀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (赤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
浾	*sqraː
嚇	*qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ
赦	*hljaɡs
郝	*qʰljaɡ, *kʰljaɡ, *hljaɡ
赫	*qʰraːɡ
爀	*qʰraːɡ
赤	*kʰljaɡ
烾	*kʰljaɡ
螫	*qʰjaːɡ
赥	*qʰleːɡ
捇	*qʰʷreːɡ
焃	*qʰʷreːɡ

In the bronze script, it was written as 𢼜, a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljaɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 攴 (“hand holding a stick”). In later scripts, the phonetic component was replaced with 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ).

Etymology

Exoactive (causative) of 釋 (OC *hljaɡ, “to unloose; to release”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related to 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to let off”) (Wang, 1982), of which there exists a derived reading 舍 (OC *hljaːs, “to let off; to liberate”) that formed a variant relationship with 赦 (OC *hljaɡs), despite not having the same pronunciation in Old Chinese (*-aːs vs *-ags).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shè (she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): se⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): se³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sie¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): sa⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sa

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sa⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): se³
• Min Bei (KCR): sia̿
• Min Dong (BUC): siá
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sià

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sia³

• Wu (Wiktionary): so (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): she⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: se⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: se
    • IPA ^(key): /sɛ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: se³
    • Yale: se
    • Cantonese Pinyin: se³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sé³
    • IPA ^(key): /sɛː³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sie¹
    • IPA ^(key): /siɛ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sa⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /sa³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa⁴
    • IPA: /sa⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sa⁴
    • IPA: /sa⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: se³
    • IPA (old-style): /sɤ⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sia̿
    • IPA ^(key): /sia³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siá
    • IPA ^(key): /siɑ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sià
    • Tâi-lô: sià
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕia²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕia²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕia¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕia²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sia³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sià
    • IPA ^(key): /sia²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: so (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /so³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: she⁴
    • IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂɤ̞⁴⁵/
    • IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sɤ̞⁴⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɕia^H/▼

Rime
Character	赦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	始夜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiaH/
Li Rong	/ɕiaH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shè

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l̥]Ak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	赦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ syaeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[l̥]Ak-s/
English	to pardon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	赦
Reading #	1/1
No.	1472
Phonetic component	赤
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	舎
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡs/
Notes	說文或從亦聲

Definitions

赦

1. to pardon; to forgive
2. A surname​.

Compounds

三赦 十惡不赦／十恶不赦 大赦 (dàshè) 大赦天下 恩赦 (ēnshè) 放赦

曲赦 特赦 (tèshè) 特赦令 獨角赦書／独角赦书 罪不可赦 肆赦

貰赦／贳赦 赦免 (shèmiǎn) 赦宥 (shèyòu) 赦文 赦書／赦书 赦罪 (shèzuì)

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Japanese

Kanji

赦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): しゃ (sha, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆるす (yurusu, 赦す)

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Korean

Hanja

赦 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

赦: Hán Việt readings: xá[1][2][3]
赦: Nôm readings: tha[1][2][3][4], xá[1][2], xóa/xoá[3][4]

1. Nôm form of tha (“to forgive”).

Compounds

• 赦恕 (tha thứ)

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Hồ (1976).