贛

贛

See also: 赣

贛 U+8D1B, 贛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8D1B ← 贚 [U+8D1A] CJK Unified Ideographs 贜 → [U+8D1C]

贛 U+2F9D6, 贛 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9D6 ← 賁 [U+2F9D5] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 起 → [U+2F9D7]

Translingual

Han character

贛 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜十竹水金 (YJHEC), four-corner 0748₆, composition ⿰章⿱夂貢)

Derived characters

• 㔶 灨 𢦅 𧆐 戇 䀍 𧗜 𥸡

References

• KangXi: page 1213, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36984
• Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3661, character 19
• Unihan data for U+8D1B
• Unihan data for U+2F9D6

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 贛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
贛	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	*kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs).

Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) : abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts.

Etymology 1

trad.		贛
simp.		赣
2nd round simp.		干
alternative forms		贑／𫎬 𥫔 灨 ⿱夂贡 1981 2nd round simp

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàn (gan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gam³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gam¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): gon⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gam⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): gan³
• Min Bei (KCR): go̿ng
• Min Dong (BUC): gáng / góng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang³ / gong³

• Wu (Wiktionary): koe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
    • Wade–Giles: kan⁴
    • Yale: gàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gam³
    • Yale: gam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kam⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gan³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: go̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng / góng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹³/, /kouŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang³ / gong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng / kòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/, /koŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: koe (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kø³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʌm^X/, /kʌm^H/

Rime
Character	贛	贛
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古禫切	古暗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌmX/	/kʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəmX/	/kəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒmX/	/kɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəmX/	/kəmH/
Li Rong	/kᴀmX/	/kᴀmH/
Wang Li	/kɒmX/	/kɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kămX/	/kămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn	gàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam2	gam3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k[o]mʔ/, /*[k]ˤom-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kluːmʔ/, /*kluːms/, /*kromʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	贛	贛
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gàn	gàn
Middle Chinese	‹ komX ›	‹ komH ›
Old Chinese	/*k[o]mʔ/	/*[k]ˁom-s/
English	the Gàn river	the Gàn river in Jiangxi
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	贛	贛	贛
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4
No.	6271	6272	6276
Phonetic component	夅	夅	夅
Rime group	侵	侵	談
Rime subdivision	3	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	感	紺	檢
Old Chinese	/*kluːmʔ/	/*kluːms/	/*kromʔ/
Notes			贛榆漢縣

Definitions

贛

1. (～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China)
2. Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”).
3. Gan; Gan Chinese

   贛語／赣语  ―  gànyǔ  ―  Gan (a variant of the Chinese language)

Compounds

贛劇／赣剧 (gànjù) 贛州／赣州 (Gànzhōu)

贛江／赣江 (Gàn Jiāng) 贛縣／赣县 (Gànxiàn)

贛語／赣语 (gànyǔ)

Etymology 2

trad.		贛
simp.		赣
alternative forms		贑／𫎬

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 貢?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng (gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Wade–Giles: kung⁴
    • Yale: gùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung³
    • Yale: gung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuŋ^H/

Rime
Character	贛
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古送切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋH/
Li Rong	/kuŋH/
Wang Li	/kuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤom-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	贛
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁom-s/ (dialect: *-om > *-oŋ)
English	tribute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	贛
Reading #	4/4
No.	6290
Phonetic component	夅
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貢
Old Chinese	/*kloːms/

Definitions

贛

1. ^† to grant; to bestow
2. a surname

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 贛 – see 戇 (“stupid and honest; simple; blunt and tactless; etc.”). (This character, 贛, is a variant form of 戇.)

Compounds

愚贛／愚赣

贛愚／赣愚

References

• “贛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

贛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. Jiangxi province
2. various places in Jiangxi province

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku); かう (kau); かん (kan)
• Kan-on: こう (kō); かう (kau); かん (kan)
• Kun: たまう (tamau, 贛う)

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Korean

Hanja

贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong))

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贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam))

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贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang))

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Vietnamese

Han character

贛: Hán Việt readings: cống

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.