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单词 賣
释义

賣

See also: 𧶠, 卖, and 売
賣 U+8CE3, 賣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CE3
← 賢
[U+8CE2]		CJK Unified Ideographs賤 →
[U+8CE4]

Translingual

Traditional賣
Shinjitai売
Simplified卖

Han character

賣 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土田中金 (GWLC), four-corner 40806, composition ⿱士買)

Derived characters

  • 儥 凟 嬻 瀆 䢱 櫝 殰 牘 犢 瓄 䄣 襩 續 讀 豄 贖 贕 鑟 韇 韥 黷 皾 𧸝 覿 藚 竇 匵

Descendants

  • 売 卖

References

  • KangXi: page 1209, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36825
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1675, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3645, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CE3

Chinese

trad.賣
simp.卖
alternative forms𧷓
𧷵 ‡
𧷨 ‡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
買*mreːʔ
蕒*mreːʔ
嘪*mreːʔ
鷶*mreːʔ
賣*mreːs

Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”).

出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士.

Etymology

Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): mài (mai4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): mai4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мэ (me, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): maai6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): mai5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): mai5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): mai
    (Meixian, Guangdong): mai4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): mai3
  • Min Bei (KCR): māi
  • Min Dong (BUC): mâ̤ / mâi
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): bōe / bē / bǒe / māi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhoi7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): ma (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): mai4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: mài
      • Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: mài
      • Wade–Giles: mai4
      • Yale: mài
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
      • Palladius: май (maj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: mai4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mai
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mai²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мэ (me, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mɛ⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: maai6
      • Yale: maaih
      • Cantonese Pinyin: maai6
      • Guangdong Romanization: mai6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /maːi̯²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: mai5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbai³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: mai5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mai¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mai
      • Hakka Romanization System: mai
      • Hagfa Pinyim: mai4
      • Sinological IPA: /mai̯⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: mai4
      • Sinological IPA: /maɪ⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: mai3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /mai⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mai⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: mâ̤ / mâi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mɑ²⁴²/, /mɑi²⁴²/
Note:
  • mâ̤ - vernacular;
  • mâi - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe
      • Tâi-lô: buē
      • Phofsit Daibuun: boe
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /bue⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /bue³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen, Singapore): /bue²²/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bē
      • Tâi-lô: bē
      • Phofsit Daibuun: be
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /be²²/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /be³³/
    • (Hokkien: Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǒe
      • Tâi-lô: buě
      • IPA (Lukang): /bue³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: māi
      • Tâi-lô: māi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: mai
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mãi³³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /mãi⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mãi²²/
Note:
  • bē/bōe/bǒe - vernacular;
  • māi - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: bhoi7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bōi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /boi¹¹/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: ma (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ma̱²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: mai4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /mai⁴⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /mˠɛH/
Rime
Character賣
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)明 (4)
Final (韻)佳 (31)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie莫懈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/mˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun		/mᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen		/mæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/maɨjH/
Li
Rong		/mɛH/
Wang
Li		/maiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/maiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		mài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		maai6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤrajʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mreːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character賣
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		mài
Middle
Chinese		‹ meaH ›
Old
Chinese		/*mˁrajʔ-s/
Englishsell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character賣
Reading #1/1
No.8731
Phonetic
component		買
Rime
group		支
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		賣
Old
Chinese		/*mreːs/

Definitions

賣

  1. to sell
    賣完／卖完  ―  màiwán  ―  to sell out
    這本書不賣。／这本书不卖。  ―  Zhè běn shū bù mài.  ―  This book is not for sale.
    他們在集市賣蔬菜和雞蛋。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们在集市卖蔬菜和鸡蛋。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen zài jíshì mài shūcài hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]
    They sell vegetables and eggs in the marketplace.
  2. to betray; to sell out
    出賣／出卖  ―  chūmài  ―  to betray
    賣國／卖国  ―  màiguó  ―  to betray one's country
    賣友求榮／卖友求荣  ―  màiyǒuqiúróng  ―  to betray someone to obtain promotion
    這個王八蛋居然把我給賣了！ [MSC, trad.]
    这个王八蛋居然把我给卖了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège wángbadàn jūrán bǎ wǒ gěi mài le! [Pinyin]
    The bastard unexpectedly sold me out!
    • 周以萇弘為賣周也，乃誅萇弘而殺之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      周以苌弘为卖周也，乃诛苌弘而杀之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
      Zhōu yǐ Cháng Hóng wèi mài Zhōu yě, nǎi zhū Cháng Hóng ér shā zhī. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 杵臼謬曰：「小人哉程嬰！昔下宮之難不能死，與我謀匿趙氏孤兒，今又賣我。縱不能立，而忍賣之乎！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      杵臼谬曰：“小人哉程婴！昔下宫之难不能死，与我谋匿赵氏孤儿，今又卖我。纵不能立，而忍卖之乎！” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
      Chǔjiù miù yuē: “Xiǎorén zāi Chéng Yīng! Xī Xiàgōng zhī nàn bùnéng sǐ, yǔ wǒ móu nì Zhào Shì gū'ér, jīn yòu mài wǒ. Zòng bùnéng lì, ér rěn mài zhī hū!” [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 這三個沒有骨頭的東西！他們把礦上的工人賣了。哼，你們這些不要臉的董事長，你們的錢這次又靈了。 [MSC, trad.]
      这三个没有骨头的东西！他们把矿上的工人卖了。哼，你们这些不要脸的董事长，你们的钱这次又灵了。 [MSC, simp.]
      From: 1933, Cao Yu, 《雷雨》 [Thunderstorm]
      Zhè sān ge méiyǒu gǔtou de dōngxi! Tāmen bǎ kuàng shàng de gōngrén mài le. Hēng, nǐmen zhèxiē bùyàoliǎn de dǒngshìcháng, nǐmen de qián zhècì yòu líng le. [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  3. to spare no effort; to do one's best
  4. to show off
    賣弄／卖弄  ―  màinòng  ―  to show off
    賣功／卖功  ―  màigōng  ―  to show off one's merit
  5. (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news)
    琴日報紙冇賣呢單新聞嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴日报纸冇卖呢单新闻嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 bou3 zi2 mou5 maai6 nei1 daan1 san1 man4-2 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why didn't newspaper publish this piece of news yesterday?

Synonyms

  • (to sell):
edit
  • 出售 (chūshòu)
  • 售 (shòu)
  • 售出 (shòuchū)
  • 鬻 (yù) (Classical Chinese)
  • 出賣／出卖 (chūmài)
  • 售賣／售卖 (shòumài)
  • 經銷／经销 (jīngxiāo) (to sell on consignment)
  • 賣出／卖出 (màichū)
  • 銷售／销售 (xiāoshòu)

Antonyms

  • 買／买 (mǎi)

Compounds

Derived terms from 賣

Descendants

  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mɛjH (“to sell”)

References

  • “賣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03968
  • “Entry #11424”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai

売

Kyūjitai

賣

Kanji

賣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 売)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: め (me)
  • Kan-on: ばい (bai)
  • Tō-on: まい (mai)
  • Kun: うる (uru, 賣る); うれる (ureru, 賣れる)

Korean

Hanja

賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae))

  1. Hanja form? of 매 (“to sell”).

Vietnamese

Han character

賣: Hán Việt readings: mại[1]
賣: Nôm readings: mải[2], mợi[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”).

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Hồ (1976).
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