賊
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Translingual
Han character
賊 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月金戈十 (BCIJ), four-corner 63850, composition ⿰貝戎)
References
- KangXi: page 1208, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36759
- Dae Jaweon: page 1672, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3637, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8CCA
Chinese
trad. | 賊 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 贼 | |
alternative forms | 𧵪 戝 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 賊 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
廁 | *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ |
則 | *ʔsɯːɡ |
賊 | *zɯːɡ |
鰂 | *zɯːɡ |
鱡 | *zɯːɡ |
蠈 | *zɯːɡ |
側 | *ʔsrɯɡ |
萴 | *ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ |
測 | *sʰrɯɡ |
惻 | *sʰrɯɡ |
崱 | *zrɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zɯːɡ) : phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ) + semantic 戈 (“weapon”).
This was later reinterpreted as a compound of 貝 (“money”) and 戎 (“weapon”) to produce the modern form.
Etymology 1
Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཇག (jag, “robbery”) (Coblin, 1986). Schuessler (2007) points out that a palatalized consonant in Tibetan does not usually correspond to an unpalatalized one in Chinese; instead, he compares it to Khmer ឆក់ (chɑk, “to snatch; to steal”).
Possibly cognate with 災 (OC *ʔslɯː, “natural disaster”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Based on evidence from early loans from Chinese, e.g. Lakkia kjak⁸ (“bandit”) and Rục kəcʌ́ːk (“bandit”), Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *k preinitial.
Pronunciation
Definitions
賊
- † to damage; to corrupt; to ruin; to destroy
- † to harm; to injure
- † to slander
- † to murder
- 宣子驟諫,公患之,使鉏麑賊之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Xuānzǐ zhòu jiàn, Gōng huàn zhī, shǐ Chú Ní zéi zhī. [Pinyin]
- Lord Xuan remonstrated with the Duke again and again. The Duke, troubled by his behaviour, sent Chu (or "Zhu") Ni to murder him.
宣子骤谏,公患之,使𬬺麑贼之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † murderer
- † harm; disaster
- thief; bandit; robber (Classifier: 個/个 m c)
- 琴日有賊入咗屋,偷走咗我部電腦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- kam4 jat6 jau5 caak6-2 jap6 zo2 uk1, tau1 zau2 zo2 ngo5 bou6 din6 nou5. [Jyutping]
- Yesterday, a thief came into my house and stole my computer.
琴日有贼入咗屋,偷走咗我部电脑。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- villain; traitor
- † to steal
- evil; wicked; treacherous
- † to restrain
- † ruthless; vicious
- (colloquial, dialectal) cunning; wily; sly
- † a kind of pest that eats the joints of a seedling
- 蟊賊/蟊贼 ― máozéi ― insects that eat the roots and the joints
Usage notes
- Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation zé.
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 賊, 盜 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 賊, 小偷, 竊賊, 盜 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 小偷兒, 賊 |
Taiwan | 小偷, 賊 | |
Tianjin | 小偷兒, 賊 | |
Harbin | 小偷兒, 賊 | |
Shenyang | 小偷兒 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 小偷兒, 賊 | |
Jinan | 小偷兒, 小偷, 毛賊, 毛賊子, 賊 | |
Luoyang | 小偷兒, 賊 | |
Wanrong | 毛賊, 賊娃子, 賊 | |
Zhengzhou | 小偷兒, 賊 | |
Xi'an | 賊娃子, 賊 | |
Yinchuan | 賊娃子, 賊 | |
Lanzhou | 賊娃子 | |
Xining | 小偷兒, 賊娃子 | |
Ürümqi | 賊娃子, 賊 | |
Wuhan | 強徒, 小偷 | |
Huanggang | 三隻手 | |
Chengdu | 賊娃子, 賊, 偷跟兒, 偷兒 | |
Guiyang | 小偷 | |
Kunming | 小偷, 小毛賊, 毛賊, 小賊 | |
Guilin | 小偷 | |
Guanyang | 拐子 | |
Liuzhou | 小偷 | |
Yangzhou | 小偷, 賊, 強盜 | |
Nanjing | 小偷, 賊 | |
Hefei | 小偷, 賊, 小賊 | |
Nantong | 賊坯 | |
Singapore | 小偷, 賊 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 賊娃子, 賊 | |
Dagudi (Maliba) | 賊 | |
Reshuitang (Longling) | 賊 | |
Mae Salong (Lancang) | 小偷, 賊 | |
Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 賊 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 賊仔, 賊, 賊佬, 鼠摸 |
Hong Kong | 賊仔, 賊, 賊佬, 鼠摸 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 賊仔 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 賊 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 賊佬 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 賊佬 | |
Macau | 偷仔 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 賊仔 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 夜摸 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 賊仔 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 偷雞佬, 賊佬 | |
Foshan | 鼠摸 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 鼠摸仔 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 偷仔 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 鼠摸 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 鼠摸仔 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 偷仔 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 偷仔 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 三隻手 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 小摸 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 小摸 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 小摸 | |
Taishan | 賊仔, 鼠摸 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 小摸 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 小摸仔 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 鼠摸仔 | |
Dongguan | 賊仔, 鼠摸 dated | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 賊仔 | |
Shaoguan | 賊佬 | |
Yunfu | 雪仔 | |
Yangjiang | 鼠賊, 賊 | |
Xinyi | 賊佬 | |
Lianjiang | 賊佬, 賊仔 | |
Nanning | 賊, 賊佬 | |
Wuzhou | 賊佬 | |
Yulin | 賊 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 賊, 夜摸 | |
Beihai | 賊仔 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 白捏, 小偷 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 賊手 | |
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 賊佬 | |
Danzhou | 賊 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 小賊 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 賊仔 | |
Móng Cái | 賊, 夜摸, 白捏 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 賊 |
Lichuan | 賊 | |
Pingxiang | 賊牯 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 賊牯, 賊仔 |
Xingning | 賊牯佬 | |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 賊仔 | |
Huidong (Daling) | 賊牯佬 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 賊佬 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 賊佬 | |
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 賊佬 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 賊仔 | |
Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 賊哩 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 賊哩 | |
Wuhua (Changbu) | 賊牯佬 | |
Wuhua (Mianyang) | 賊牯佬 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 賊 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 賊佬 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 賊佬 | |
Liannan | 賊佬 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 小偷 | |
Jiexi | 賊 | |
Changting | 賊牯 | |
Wuping | 賊牯 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 賊牯 | |
Liancheng | 賊牯 | |
Ninghua | 賊牯 | |
Yudu | 賊牯 | |
Ruijin | 賊牯 | |
Shicheng | 賊牯 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 賊佬, 強盜 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 賊仔 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 賊仔 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 賊仔 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 賊 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 賊仔, 賊 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 賊 | |
Hong Kong | 賊佬 | |
Luchuan | 賊 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 賊佬 | |
Sabah (Longchuan) | 賊佬 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 扒手 | |
Singkawang | 賊 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 賊骨頭, 賊, 銃手 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 小偷兒, 賊 |
Pingyao | 小綹兒 | |
Xinzhou | 賊 | |
Hohhot | 小偷, 賊, 賊小子 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 賊 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 賊囝, 賊 |
Fuqing | 賊, 賊囝 | |
Matsu | 賊囝 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 賊仔, 鼠賊 |
Quanzhou | 賊仔, 鼠賊 | |
Jinjiang | 鼠賊仔 | |
Yongchun | 賊 | |
Zhangzhou | 賊仔, 鼠賊, 佬賊仔 | |
Dongshan | 賊仔 | |
Taipei | 賊仔 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 賊仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 勍仔 | |
Yilan | 勍仔 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 賊仔 | |
Taichung | 賊仔 | |
Tainan | 賊仔 | |
Hsinchu | 賊仔 | |
Kinmen | 鼠賊仔 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 賊 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 賊 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 賊 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 賊, 賊仔 | |
Zhangping (Yongfu) | 賊 | |
Pingnan (Shangdu) | 賊 | |
Guilin (Biyange) | 賊 | |
Chaozhou | 鼠賊囝 | |
Shantou | 賊, 賊囝, 鼠賊, 鼠賊囝 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鼠賊囝 | |
Wenchang | 賊囝 | |
Haikou | 賊囝, 賊 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 賊囝 |
Xianyou | 賊囝 | |
Min Zhong | Yanping (Wangtai) | 賊 |
Zhongshan Min | Sanxiang | 賊囝 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 賊, 小偷 |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 賊, 小偷 |
Guilin (Dongbianzhou) | 賊 | |
Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 賊頭 |
Wu | Shanghai | 賊骨頭, 賊, 小偷, 賊伯伯 humorous |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 小偷, 賊 | |
Suzhou | 賊骨頭, 賊, 賊伯伯 humorous, 小賊 | |
Wuxi | 賊骨頭, 小偷 | |
Danyang | 小偷, 賊, 賊老官, 做賊佬 | |
Hangzhou | 賊骨頭, 賊 | |
Ningbo | 賊骨頭, 小偷 | |
Wenzhou | 小偷兒, 小偷, 賊 | |
Jinhua | 賊骨頭, 賊, 小偷 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 賊老倌, 賊牯子, 賊 |
Xiangtan | 夜摸子 | |
Loudi | 賊牯子 | |
Shuangfeng | 賊牯子 | |
Quanzhou | 賊 |
Descendants
- → Japanese: 賊 (zoku)
- → Vietnamese: tặc (賊)
Others:
- → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *sɤkᴰ
- Thai: ศึก (sʉ̀k, “war, battle”)
- → Vietnamese: giặc
Etymology 2
Clipping of 賊拉 (zéilā), borrowed from Korean 第一 (jeil, “first; most, -est”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
- (formerly dialectal, including Northeastern Mandarin, increasingly informal) very; particularly; immensely; extremely
- 賊好看/贼好看 ― zéi hǎokàn ― remarkably beautiful
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 甚, 孔 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 很, 非常, 十分 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪 |
Taiwan | 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級 | |
Tianjin | 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒 | |
Jinan | 挺, 楞 | |
Xi'an | 很 | |
Wuhan | 蠻, 很 | |
Chengdu | 很, 好 | |
Chongqing | 很 | |
Yangzhou | 蠻, 稀, 很 | |
Hefei | 很 | |
Malaysia | 很 | |
Singapore | 很, 蠻, 非常 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好, 非常之 |
Hong Kong | 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 好 | |
Taishan | 好, 十分之 | |
Yangjiang | 好 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 好 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 好, 非常之, 非常 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 蠻 |
Hakka | Meixian | 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation |
Huidong (Daling) | 好 | |
Wuhua (Meilin) | 好 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 頂 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 好 | |
Changting | 野 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 已, 刮 | |
Liancheng | 樣 | |
Ninghua | 好 | |
Ruijin | 蠻 | |
Shicheng | 蠻 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 蠻 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋, 盡, 還 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 盡, 已, 還 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 已, 還 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 足, 真, 實在 | |
Hong Kong | 好 | |
Sabah (Bao'an) | 好 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 很 | |
Singapore (Dabu) | 好 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 很, 挺 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 盡 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 野, 真 |
Singapore (Fuqing) | 真 | |
Manjung (Gutian) | 真 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正 |
Xiamen (Tong'an) | 真 | |
Quanzhou | 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人 | |
Jinjiang | 野 | |
Zhangzhou | 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人 | |
Zhao'an | 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常 | |
Dongshan | 真, 非常 | |
Taipei | 真, 誠 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真, 誠 | |
Kaohsiung | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 | |
Yilan | 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 真, 誠 | |
Taichung | 誠, 蓋, 足 | |
Tainan | 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋 | |
Hsinchu | 真, 誠 | |
Kinmen | 足, 誠 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 真, 誠 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 真, 誠, 真正 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 野, 真, 萬代, 真正 | |
Chaozhou | 過, 好, 非常, 死爸 | |
Shantou | 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 好, 死絕 | |
Shantou (Chaoyang) | 好, 非常 | |
Jieyang | 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 好 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 好 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 真, 死爸, 非常 | |
Wenchang | 極, 但顧, 真 | |
Haikou | 但顧 | |
Qionghai | 但顧, 真 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 但顧, 真 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated |
Suzhou | 蠻 | |
Ningbo | 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𠊉好, 𠊉派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare | |
Zhoushan | 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare | |
Wenzhou | 蠻, 蒙, 顯 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 很, 蠻 |
Shuangfeng | 蠻 |
Compounds
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Japanese
Shinjitai | 賊 | ![]() |
Kyūjitai [1][2] | 賊󠄁 賊+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ![]() |
賊󠄄 賊+ 󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: ぞく (zoku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: そく (soku)
- Kun: あだ (ada, 賊); そこなう (sokonau, 賊なう)←そこなふ (sokonafu, historical); にしもの (nishimono, 賊); ぬすむ (nusumu, 賊む)
Compounds
- 賊魁 (zokukai)
- 賊害 (zokugai)
- 賊虐 (zokugyaku)
- 賊軍 (zokugun)
- 賊塞 (zokusai)
- 賊砦 (zokusai)
- 賊殺 (zokusatsu)
- 賊子 (zokushi)
- 賊首 (zokushu)
- 賊衆 (zokushū)
- 賊将 (zokushō)
- 賊情 (zokujō)
- 賊心 (zokushin)
- 賊臣 (zokushin)
- 賊勢 (zokusei)
- 賊巣 (zokusō)
- 賊地 (zokuchi)
- 賊徒 (zokuto)
- 賊盗 (zokutō)
- 賊党 (zokutō)
- 賊難 (zokunan)
- 賊匪 (zokuhi)
- 賊氛 (zokufun)
- 賊兵 (zokuhei)
- 賊民 (zokumin)
- 賊名 (zokumei)
- 賊塁 (zokurui)
- 賊姦 (zokkan)
- 烏賊 (ika): squid, cuttlefish
- 陰賊 (inzoku)
- 烏賊 (uzoku)
- 怨賊 (onzoku)
- 海賊 (kaizoku): pirate
- 猾賊 (katsuzoku)
- 姦賊 (kanzoku)
- 義賊 (gizoku)
- 逆賊 (gyakuzoku)
- 劫賊 (kyōzoku)
- 劇賊 (gekizoku)
- 険賊 (kenzoku)
- 寇賊 (kōzoku)
- 国賊 (kokuzoku)
- 山賊 (sanzoku)
- 残賊 (zanzoku)
- 夙賊 (shukuzoku)
- 小賊 (shōzoku)
- 戕賊 (shōzoku)
- 草賊 (sōzoku)
- 鼠賊 (sozoku)
- 盗賊 (tōzoku)
- 討賊 (tōzoku)
- 馬賊 (bazoku)
- 髪賊 (hatsuzoku)
- 匪賊 (hizoku)
- 詖賊 (hizoku)
- 蝥賊 (bōzoku)
- 民賊 (minzoku)
- 木賊 (mokuzoku)
- 乱賊 (ranzoku)
- 流賊 (ryūzoku)
- 倭賊 (wazoku)
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
賊 |
ぞく Grade: S |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 賊 (MC d͡zək̚).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ぞく [zòkú] (Heiban – [0])[3][4]
- IPA(key): [d͡zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
賊 • (zoku)
- thief
- rebel
Derived terms
- 長髪賊 (chōhatsuzoku, “Taiping rebels”)
References
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2026 (paper), page 1065 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1160 (paper), page 593 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 賊 (MC d͡zək̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 적〮 (cék) (Yale: cek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource賊 (eumhun 도둑 적 (doduk jeok))
- Hanja form? of 적 (“thief”).
Compounds
- 도적 (盜賊, dojeok)
- 의적 (義賊, uijeok)
- 초적 (草賊, chojeok)
- 마적 (馬賊, majeok)
- 산적 (山賊, sanjeok)
- 역적 (逆賊, yeokjeok)
- 해적 (海賊, haejeok)
- 해적선 (海賊船, haejeokseon)
- 적반하장 (賊反荷杖, jeokbanhajang)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
賊: Hán Nôm readings: tặc, giặc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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