賀

賀

See also: 贺

賀 U+8CC0, 賀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CC0 ← 貿 [U+8CBF] CJK Unified Ideographs 賁 → [U+8CC1]

Translingual

賀 in several fonts

Han character

賀 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大口月山金 (KRBUC), four-corner 4680₆, composition ⿱加貝)

Descendants

• 𛀞

References

• KangXi: page 1207, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36725
• Dae Jaweon: page 1671, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3636, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8CC0

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Chinese

trad.		賀
simp.		贺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賀
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
妿	*kaːl, *qaːl
賀	*ɡaːls
迦	*ka, *kal, *kraːl
茄	*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
伽	*ɡa, *ɡal
枷	*ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl
嘉	*kraːl
加	*kraːl
笳	*kraːl
痂	*kraːl
袈	*kraːl
跏	*kraːl
珈	*kraːl
鴐	*kraːl
架	*kraːls
駕	*kraːls
瘸	*ɡʷal

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːls) : phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish money”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁶, ho³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ho

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fo⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): hô̤
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ho⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hè
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hè
    • Wade–Giles: ho⁴
    • Yale: hè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ho⁶, ho³
    • Yale: hoh, ho
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁶, ho³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho⁶, ho³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²²/, /hɔː³³/

Note: ho3 - variant (rare).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho
    • Hakka Romanization System: ho
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ho⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ho⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fo⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fo⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hô̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
    • Tâi-lô: hō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ho²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ho⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ho⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ho¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑ^H/

Rime
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡箇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤaj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè
Middle Chinese	‹ haH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁaj-s/
English	congratulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5862
Phonetic component	加
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	賀
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːls/

Definitions

賀

1. to congratulate

   慶賀／庆贺  ―  qìnghè  ―  to celebrate; congratulate

   • 受天之祜，四方來賀。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     受天之祜，四方来贺。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shòu tiān zhī hù, sìfāng lái hè. [Pinyin]

     They will receive the blessing of Heaven.
     And from the four quarters [of the kingdom] will felicitations come to them.

2. a surname

   賀知章／贺知章  ―  Hè Zhīzhāng  ―  He Zhizhang / He Chih-chang (a Chinese poet, one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup)

Compounds

可喜可賀／可喜可贺 (kěxǐkěhè) 可賀／可贺 (kěhè) 可賀敦／可贺敦 吐賀／吐贺 弔賀迎送／吊贺迎送 忭賀／忭贺 恭賀／恭贺 (gōnghè) 恭賀新禧／恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ) 慶賀／庆贺 (qìnghè) 拜賀／拜贺 (bàihè) 有賀／有贺 朝賀／朝贺 (cháohè) 燕賀／燕贺 燕雀相賀／燕雀相贺 祝賀／祝贺 (zhùhè) 稱賀／称贺 (chēnghè) 網路賀卡／网路贺卡

致賀／致贺 賀儀／贺仪 (hèyí) 賀函／贺函 賀分／贺分 賀功／贺功 (hègōng) 賀卡／贺卡 (hèkǎ) 賀后罵殿／贺后骂殿 賀喜／贺喜 (hèxǐ) 賀喜撮空／贺喜撮空 賀壽／贺寿 (hèshòu) 賀客／贺客 賀家坪／贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng) 賀年／贺年 (hènián) 賀年卡／贺年卡 賀年片／贺年片 賀忱／贺忱 賀悃／贺悃

賀房／贺房 賀正／贺正 (hèzhēng) 賀歲／贺岁 (hèsuì) 賀爾蒙／贺尔蒙 (hè'ěrméng) 賀禮／贺礼 (hèlǐ) 賀節／贺节 賀蘭／贺兰 (Hèlán) 賀蘭山／贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān) 賀表／贺表 賀詞／贺词 (hècí) 賀電／贺电 (hèdiàn) 道賀／道贺 (dàohè) 開賀／开贺 陛賀／陛贺 電子賀卡／电子贺卡 電賀／电贺

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Japanese

Kanji

賀

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. congratulate, greet, celebrate

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: か (ka)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 賀ぶ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
賀
が Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 賀 (MC ɦɑ^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) が​ [gáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠]

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) いわ​い [ìwáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
• IPA^(key): [iɰᵝa̠i]

Noun

賀(が) • (ga) 賀(いわい) • (iwai) 

1. congratulation

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

賀 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

賀: Hán Nôm readings: hạ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.