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单词 貴
释义

貴

See also: 貫 and 贵
貴 U+8CB4, 貴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CB4
← 貳
[U+8CB3]		CJK Unified Ideographs貵 →
[U+8CB5]

Translingual

Han character

貴 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中一月山金 (LMBUC), four-corner 50806, composition ⿱𠀐貝)

Derived characters

  • 潰, 饋, 匱, 聵, 闠, 憒, 䰎, 穨, 僓, 樻, 殨, 鞼, 䜋, 繢, 隤, 遺

Descendants

  • 贵
  • 𛀩

References

  • KangXi: page 1206, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36704
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1669, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3632, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8CB4

Chinese

trad.貴
simp.贵
alternative forms䝿
𧷈
𧸋
𡭙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (貴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藬*l'uːl
僓*l̥ʰuːlʔ, *ɡluːds
頹*l'uːl
穨*l'uːl
蘈*l'uːl
隤*l'uːl
墤*l'uːl, *kʰruːds
尵*l'uːl, *r'uːl
蹪*l'uːl
瀢*l'uːlʔ, *lulʔ
鞼*kluːl, *ɡruls
膭*kluːl, *ɡluːls
憒*kluːds
靧*ɡluːds
潰*ɡluːls
繢*ɡluːds
嬇*ɡluːds, *kʰruːds
殨*ɡluːds
闠*ɡluːds
簣*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
嘳*kʰruːds, *kʰruds
蕢*kʰruːds, *ɡruds
聵*ŋɡruːds
樻*kʰruds, *ɡruds
䙡*kʰruds, *kʰluds
匱*ɡruds
臾*ɡruds, *lo
饋*ɡruls
櫃*ɡruds
遺*lul, *luls
壝*lul, *lulʔ
瞶*luls, *kluls
貴*kluds

Simplified from 䝿 (臾 → 𠀐). Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kluds) : phonetic 臾 (OC *ɡruds, *lo) + semantic 貝 (“money cowrie”).

Etymology

From Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan གུས (gus, “respect, reverence, devotion”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): guì (gui4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): gui4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуй (guy, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gwai3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): gui4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kui
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gui4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): gui3
  • Min Bei (KCR): gṳ̿
  • Min Dong (BUC): gói
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kùi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gui3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): jy (T2); kue (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): guei4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: guì
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
      • Wade–Giles: kuei4
      • Yale: gwèi
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
      • Palladius: гуй (guj)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kweɪ̯⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: gui4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuei²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуй (guy, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gwai3
      • Yale: gwai
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai3
      • Guangdong Romanization: guei3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: gei1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kei³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: gui4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
      • Hakka Romanization System: gui
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gui4
      • Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: gui4
      • Sinological IPA: /kuɪ⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: gui3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̿
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ky³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gói
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùi
      • Tâi-lô: kuì
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kuix
      • IPA (Xiamen): /kui²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /kui¹¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui²¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gui3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kùi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: jy (T2); kue (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³⁴/, /kɯe̞³⁴/
Note:
  • 2jy - colloquial;
  • 2kue - literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: guei4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kue̞i⁴⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /kʉiH/
Rime
Character貴
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)微 (21)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie居胃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kʉiH/
Pan
Wuyun		/kʷɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		/kiuəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kujH/
Li
Rong		/kiuəiH/
Wang
Li		/kĭwəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kwe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		guì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gwai3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kuj-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kluds/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character貴
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		guì
Middle
Chinese		‹ kjw+jH ›
Old
Chinese		/*kuj-s/
Englishprecious; expensive

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character貴
Reading #1/1
No.4747
Phonetic
component		貴
Rime
group		隊
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		貴
Old
Chinese		/*kluds/
Notes從蕢之古文臾得聲

Definitions

貴

  1. expensive; costly
    Antonyms: 廉 (lián), 賤／贱 (jiàn)
    那件衣服很貴，是綢子的。 [MSC, trad.]
    那件衣服很贵，是绸子的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nà jiàn yīfú hěn guì, shì chóuzi de. [Pinyin]
    That dress is expensive. It's made of silk.
  2. precious; valuable
    可貴／可贵  ―  kěguì  ―  valuable
    貴金屬／贵金属  ―  guìjīnshǔ  ―  precious metal
    • 民為貴，社稷次之，君為輕。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
      Mín wéi guì, shèjì cì zhī, jūn wéi qīng. [Pinyin]
      The people are the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the land and grain are the next; the sovereign is the lightest.
  3. superior; noble
    貴族／贵族  ―  guìzú  ―  nobility
    • 富與貴是人之所欲也，不以其道得之，不處也；貧與賤是人之所惡也，不以其道得之，不去也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      富与贵是人之所欲也，不以其道得之，不处也；贫与贱是人之所恶也，不以其道得之，不去也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Fù yǔ guì shì rén zhī suǒ yù yě, bù yǐ qí dào dé zhī, bù chù yě; pín yǔ jiàn shì rén zhī suǒ è yě, bù yǐ qí dào dé zhī, bù qù yě. [Pinyin]
      Riches and honors are what men desire. If it cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If it cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided.
  4. to regard as valuable
    成功貴在堅持／成功贵在坚持  ―  chénggōng guì zài jiānchí  ―  Perseverance is vital to success.
    人貴有自知之明／人贵有自知之明  ―  rén guì yǒu zìzhīzhīmíng  ―  A smart man knows how little he knows.
  5. (humble) your (to a deity, person or establishment)
    貴國／贵国  ―  guìguó  ―  your country
    您貴姓？／您贵姓？  ―  Nín guìxìng?  ―  What is your surname?
    能否給我些貴公司更詳細的資料？ [MSC, trad.]
    能否给我些贵公司更详细的资料？ [MSC, simp.]
    Néngfǒu gěi wǒ xiē guì gōngsī gèng xiángxì de zīliào? [Pinyin]
    Could you give me more details about your company?
  6. Short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu).
    雲貴／云贵  ―  Yúnguì  ―  Yunnan and Guizhou
  7. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 貴 (“expensive; costly”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese貴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)貴, 昂貴, 高昂
MandarinBeijing貴
Taiwan貴
Jinan貴
Xi'an貴
Wuhan貴
Chengdu貴
Guilin貴
Yangzhou貴
Hefei貴
Malaysia貴
Singapore貴
CantoneseGuangzhou貴
Hong Kong貴
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)貴
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)貴
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)貴
Yangjiang貴
Singapore (Guangfu)貴
GanNanchang貴
HakkaMeixian貴
Miaoli (N. Sixian)貴
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)貴
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)貴
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)貴
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)貴
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)貴
Hong Kong貴
JinTaiyuan貴
Min BeiJian'ou貴
Min DongFuzhou貴
Min NanXiamen貴
Singapore (Hokkien)貴
Chaozhou貴
WuSuzhou貴
Wenzhou貴
XiangChangsha貴
Shuangfeng貴

Compounds

Derived terms from 貴

References

  • “貴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #9061”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

貴

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. expensive (たかい)
  2. worthful, precious (たかい, とうとい, たっとい)
  3. superior, aristocratic (たかい, とうとい, たっとい, えらい, あてやか)
  4. to esteem (とうとぶ, たっとぶ)

Readings

  • Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)←くゐ (kwi, historical)
  • Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)←くゐ (kwi, historical)
  • Kun: たかい (takai, 貴い); たっとい (tattoi, 貴い, Jōyō)←たつとい (tatutoi, historical); とうとい (tōtoi, 貴い, Jōyō)←たふとい (tafutoi, historical); たっとぶ (tattobu, 貴ぶ, Jōyō)←たつとぶ (tatutobu, historical); とうとぶ (tōtobu, 貴ぶ, Jōyō)←たふとぶ (tafutobu, historical)
  • Nanori: きよ (kiyo); ぎ (gi); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • (expensive): 騰貴
  • (worthful, precious): 貴賎, 貴重
  • (superior, aristocratic): 貴人, 貴賎, 貴族, 貴賓, 高貴, 富貴

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
貴
き
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 貴 (kjwɨjH, literally “precious, noble, superior”).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • IPA(key): [kʲi]

Prefix

貴(き) • (ki-) 

  1. (archaic) added to nouns related to people to indicate superiority
    貴(き)公(こう)子(し)、貴(き)婦(ふ)人(じん)、貴(き)賓(ひん)
    kikōshi, kifujin, kihin
    [young] nobleman, noblewoman, superior guest
  2. (archaic) added to nouns to indicate respect and possession: your
    貴(き)店(てん)
    kiten
    your [honorable] store
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 貴(き)様(さま) (kisama): you (derogatory: the original “superior” meaning degraded over time, becoming ironic, and then insulting)

Suffix

貴(き) • (-ki) 

  1. added after nouns related to people to express love and respect
Usage notes

This suffix meaning appears from roughly the Edo period.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 兄(あに)貴(き) (aniki): my [dear] elder brother
  • 姉(あね)貴(き) (aneki): my [dear] elder sister
  • 伯父(おじ)貴(き) (ojiki): my [dear] uncle

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
貴
あて
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Unknown. Possibly cognate with 当て (ate, “aim; expectation, hope”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 当てる (ateru, “to face one thing towards another; to make something hit a target”).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [a̠te̞]

Adjective

貴(あて) • (ate) 

  1. (archaic) noble, aristocratic, high-born
  2. (archaic) refined, elegant

Noun

貴(あて) • (ate) 

  1. (archaic) one's own father (by extension of the “noble” meaning)
    • 1028-1107: 栄花物語 (Eiga Monogatari, “Tale of Splendor”)
      貴(あて)は麿(まろ)をば恋(こい)しとは思(おも)ひ給(たま)はぬか
      Ate wa maro oba koishi to wa omohitamahanu ka
      Doesn't father think I'm his darling?
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 貴(あて)人(びと) (atebito): an aristocrat; a nobleman; a person with a noble and refined bearing
  • 貴(あて)ぶ (atebu): to be refined and elegant
  • 貴(あて)ばむ (atebamu): to appear refined and elegant
  • 貴(あて)はか (atehaka): refined, elegant
  • 貴(あて)やか (ateyaka): refined, elegant

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
貴
むち
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Possibly a compound of 身 (mu, “body”) +‎ 霊 (chi, “spirit, essence, soul”).[1] Alternatively, may be an alteration of 睦 (mutsu, “friendly, harmonious”, affix not used in isolation),[1] probably caused by fusion with the Old Japanese emphatic nominal particle い (i) in a manner similar to the alteration between kamu (combining form) and kami (standalone form) for 神 (“god, spirit”), or kutsu (combining form) and kuchi (standalone form) for 口 (“mouth”).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [mɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕi]

Noun

貴(むち) • (muchi) 

  1. (archaic) an honorific term for a deity or person
    大(おお)日(ひ)孁(るめ)の貴(むち)
    ōhirume no muchi
    literally “honorable woman of the great sun”, an epithet for the sun goddess Amaterasu
Derived terms
  • 汝(なむち) (namuchi)

Etymology 4

Used as ateji in various names.

Names

Proper noun

貴(あてし) • (Ateshi) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun

貴(たか) • (Taka) 

  1. a male given name
  2. a surname

Proper noun

貴(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun

貴(ただし) • (Tadashi) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun

貴(もとむ) • (Motomu) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun

貴(きさき) • (Kisaki) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

貴 (eumhun 귀할 귀 (gwihal gwi))

  1. Hanja form? of 귀 (“precious”).

Vietnamese

Han character

貴: Hán Nôm readings: quý, quí, quới

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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