責

See also: 责

責	U+8CAC, 責 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CAC

← 貫
[U+8CAB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

貭 →
[U+8CAD]

Translingual

Han character

責 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手一月山金 (QMBUC), four-corner 5080₆, composition ⿱龶貝)

Derived characters

債, 嘖, 嫧, 幘, 漬, 磧, 積, 簀, 績, 蹟, 賾, 鰿, 䶦

References

KangXi: page 1205, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36682
Dae Jaweon: page 1668, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3626, character 2
Unihan data for U+8CAC

Chinese

trad.		責
simp.		责
alternative forms		𧵩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
刾	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsreːɡ) : phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”) – tax; debt.

Top component now resembles 生 (without the diagonal stroke) – compare 青, 素.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zé (ze²)
(Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ
(Chengdu, SP): ze²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): zaak³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): zak²
Gan (Wiktionary): zet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chit
(Meixian, Guangdong): jid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): zah⁴
Min Bei (KCR): că̤
Min Dong (BUC): cáik
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chit / chiak / chek
(Teochew, Peng'im): zêh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): tseq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ze⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zé
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zé
  - Wade–Giles: tsê²
  - Yale: dzé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
  - Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ze²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ze
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaak³
  - Yale: jaak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: zag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zak²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sak̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chit
  - Hakka Romanization System: jid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡saʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: că̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cáik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪk̚³²/

Note:

chit - vernacular;
chiak/chek - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tseq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ze⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ̞²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 責
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sɤ³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sai²⁴/ /t͡sɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sɤ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sə²¹³/ /ʈ͡ʂei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sə⁴²/ /t͡se⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sei²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sɤ⁵¹/ /t͡sei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡se³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sə³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡sɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡saʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡saʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sa⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sə²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sak̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sak̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sak̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡saiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡seʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/

Rime
Character	責
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	耕 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	責	責
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zé	zé
Middle Chinese	‹ tsreak ›	‹ tsreak ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁrek/	/*s-tˁrek/
English	demand payment	blame
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	責
Reading #	1/1
No.	1761
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	責
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

責

to demand; to ask for (something)
to demand to; to order to
to blame; to reproach
to interrogate; to question closely
to punish by beating
duty; responsibility
(Hakka) to thrust; to poke with finger

Compounds

Derived terms from 責

但求塞責／但求塞责
免責權／免责权
全責／全责 (quánzé)
分層負責／分层负责
切責／切责
刑事責任／刑事责任 (xíngshì zérèn)
刑責／刑责
刻責／刻责
匹夫有責／匹夫有责
卸責／卸责 (xièzé)
反躬自責／反躬自责
取責／取责
叱責／叱责 (chìzé)
呵責／呵责 (hēzé)
嗔責／嗔责
國際責任／国际责任
塞責／塞责 (sèzé)
專責／专责 (zhuānzé)
引咎自責／引咎自责
引咎責躬／引咎责躬
循名責實／循名责实 (xúnmíngzéshí)
徵名責實／征名责实
怪責／怪责
悔過自責／悔过自责
指責／指责 (zhǐzé)
按名責實／按名责实
控名責實／控名责实
推諉塞責／推诿塞责
政治責任／政治责任
敷衍塞責／敷衍塞责 (fūyǎnsèzé)

文責自負／文责自负
斥責／斥责 (chìzé)
權責／权责 (quánzé)
正名責實／正名责实
死有餘責／死有余责
民事責任／民事责任 (mínshì zérèn)
求全責備／求全责备
求名責實／求名责实
法不責眾／法不责众 (fǎbùzézhòng)
潦草塞責／潦草塞责
無以塞責／无以塞责
盡責／尽责 (jìnzé)
督責／督责 (dūzé)
簿責／簿责
罪責／罪责 (zuìzé)
考名責實／考名责实
聊以塞責／聊以塞责
職責／职责 (zhízé)
自責／自责 (zìzé)
自責分／自责分
苛責／苛责 (kēzé)
見責／见责 (jiànzé)
言責／言责
訓責／训责
詰責／诘责 (jiézé)
譙責／谯责
譴責／谴责 (qiǎnzé)
譴責小說／谴责小说
負責／负责 (fùzé)
負責人／负责人 (fùzérén)

責付／责付
責任／责任 (zérèn)
責任事故／责任事故
責任保險／责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
責任內閣／责任内阁
責任制／责任制 (zérènzhì)
責任感／责任感 (zérèngǎn)
責備／责备 (zébèi)
責問／责问 (zéwèn)
責善／责善
責實循名／责实循名
責怪／责怪 (zéguài)
責成／责成 (zéchéng)
責打／责打
責數／责数
責有攸歸／责有攸归
責無旁貸／责无旁贷 (zéwúpángdài)
責罰／责罚 (zéfá)
責罵／责骂 (zémà)
責詰／责诘
責讓／责让
責躬省過／责躬省过
責難／责难 (zénàn)
貶責／贬责 (biǎnzé)
質責／质责
連帶責任／连带责任
道義責任／道义责任
重責／重责
重責大任／重责大任
領責／领责

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhài (zhai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
  - Wade–Giles: chai⁴
  - Yale: jài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaai³
  - Yale: jaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯³³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤrek-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	責
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrea^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁrek-s/
English	debt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

責

^† Original form of 債／债 (zhài, “debt; loan”).

Compounds

Derived terms from 責

償責／偿责

收責／收责

Japanese

Kanji

責

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

blame
condemn

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: さく (saku)
Kan’yō-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
On: さい (sai)
Kun: せめる (semeru, 責める, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

責 (eumhun 꾸짖을 책 (kkujijeul chaek))

Hanja form^? of 책 (“reproach”).

Compounds

책임 (責任, chaegim, “responsibility”)

Hanja

責 (eumhun 빚 채 (bit chae))

(obsolete) Alternative form of 債 (債, “Hanja form^? of 채 (“debt”).”)

Vietnamese

Han character

責: Hán Nôm readings: trách

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.