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单词 負ける
释义

負ける

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 負く (maku), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation), from Proto-Japonic *maku.

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ける [màkérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ma̠ke̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "負ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
負けるける[màkérú]
Imperative (命令形)負けろけろ[màkéró]
Key constructions
Passive負けられるけられる[màkérárérú]
Causative負けさせるけさせる[màkésásérú]
Potential負けられるけられる[màkérárérú]
Volitional負けようけよ[màkéyóꜜò]
Negative負けないけない[màkénáí]
Negative perfective負けなかったけなかった[màkénáꜜkàttà]
Formal負けますけま[màkémáꜜsù]
Perfective負けたけた[màkétá]
Conjunctive負けてけて[màkété]
Hypothetical conditional負ければけれ[màkéréꜜbà]

Verb

()ける (makeru) transitive or intransitive ichidan (stem () (make), past ()けた (maketa))

Japanese verb pair
active負かす
mediopassive負ける
Sense: "to lose"
Japanese verb pair
active負ける
mediopassive負かる
Sense: "to reduce price"
  1. (intransitive) to lose; to be defeated
    Antonym: 勝つ (katsu)
  2. (transitive) to lower in price

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • () (make, defeat)
  • ()()しみ (makeoshimi, sour grapes)
  • ()かす (makasu)

Suffix

()ける (-makeru) ichidan (stem () (-make), past ()けた (-maketa))

  1. to lose when doing something
    早押(はやお)しクイズで()()ける
    hayaoshi kuizu de oshi-makeru
    to lose to someone in a quiz by pressing the buzzer too slow
    Antonym: 勝つ (katsu)

References

  1. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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