豆

豆

See also: 荳 and 묘

豆 U+8C46, 豆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C46 ← 豅 [U+8C45] CJK Unified Ideographs 豇 → [U+8C47]

⾖ U+2F96, ⾖ KANGXI RADICAL BEAN ← ⾕ [U+2F95] Kangxi Radicals ⾗ → [U+2F97]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

豆 (Kangxi radical 151, 豆+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿 (MRT), four-corner 1010₈, composition ⿱𠮛䒑)

1. Kangxi radical #151, ⾖.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/豆
• 侸, 哣, 𭎞, 𭐞, 㛒, 㤱, 𢭃, 浢, 𤞟, 𨹜, 逗, 梪, 𭴧, 𪻡, 脰, 䄈, 𥆖, 短, 裋, 𥺉, 𬗖, 䛠, 𧻿, 𨁋, 𮝒, 𫑶, 鋀, 𩊪, 餖(饾), 䱏, 𪏄
• 剅, 𭔰, 郖, 㪷, 㰯, 𣪌, 毭, 𧡀, 頭, 𪁞, 㐙, 壴, 𡘰, 荳, 𪲓, 登, 𥥷, 壹, 䇺, 𪉣, 𭅋, 㢄, 痘, 䖒, 𫔡, 𩰒, 𡇧

References

• KangXi: page 1191, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36245
• Dae Jaweon: page 1654, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3565, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C46

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		豆
alternative forms		荳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 豆
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
侸	*toː
剅	*toː, *roː
郖	*toː, *doːs
鬪	*toːs
鋀	*tʰoː
頭	*doː
豆	*doːs
逗	*doːs, *dos
痘	*doːs
梪	*doːs
脰	*doːs
荳	*doːs
浢	*doːs
餖	*doːs
毭	*doːs
豎	*djoʔ
裋	*djoʔ
短	*toːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – some kind of container. Borrowed phonetically for the plant name. Displaced Old Chinese 菽 (shū).

Etymology

Derived from 頭 (OC *doː), ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *du (“head”) (STEDT).

"Soybean > bean" is possibly the same word as "round vessel" (Unger, 1984)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dòu (dou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): dou⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): dau⁶, dau^6-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): eu⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): teu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thèu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): têu⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): dou³
• Min Bei (KCR): dē
• Min Dong (BUC): dâu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tāu / tiō / tō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁷ / dou⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): deu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): dou⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
    • Wade–Giles: tou⁴
    • Yale: dòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
    • Palladius: доу (dou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòur
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòur
    • Wade–Giles: tourh⁴
    • Yale: dòur
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dowl
    • Palladius: доур (dour)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

Note: dòur - bean-related senses.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: dou⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dau⁶, dau^6-2
    • Yale: dauh, dáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶, dau^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶, deo^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²²/, /tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

Note:

• dau6 - used in compounds;
• dau6-2 - used as a standalone noun.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: eu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eu³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: teu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɛu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: teu²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: têu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰeu⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dou³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /təu⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /te⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑu²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāu
    • Tâi-lô: tāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dau
    • IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tau³³/
    • IPA (Hui'an, Penang): /tau²¹/
    • IPA (Longyan): /tau⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Singapore): /tau²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiō
    • Tâi-lô: tiō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dioi
    • IPA (Hui'an): /tio²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /tɔu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/

Note:

• tāu - vernacular;
• tiō/tō͘ - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dao⁷ / dou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāu / tŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau¹¹/, /tou³⁵/

Note:

• dao7 - “bean”;
• dou6 - “food container”.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: deu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥ɜ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu²¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 豆
Mandarin	Beijing	/tou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tou⁵³/
	Jinan	/tou²¹/
	Qingdao	/tou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/təu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/təu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/təu¹³/
	Guiyang	/təu²¹³/
	Kunming	/təu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/təɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/tɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/təu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/təu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/təu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/dɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/dɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/dei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/dɤu²²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰiu²²/
	Tunxi	/tʰiu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/təu⁵⁵/ /təu¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/dəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰeu⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/tʰeu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tɐu²²/
	Nanning	/tɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/tɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔ²²/ /tau²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tɑu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/te⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tau³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdau²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /dəu^H/

Rime
Character	豆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	田候切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/dəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/dəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwH/
Li Rong	/duH/
Wang Li	/dəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N.t]ˤo-s/, /*[d]ˤok-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	豆	豆
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dòu	dòu
Middle Chinese	‹ duwH ›	‹ duwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[N.t]ˁo-s/	/*[d]ˁok-s/
English	bean	vessel with a neck
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	豆
Reading #	1/1
No.	2466
Phonetic component	豆
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*doːs/

Definitions

豆

1. pod-bearing plant or its seeds; bean; pea

   綠豆／绿豆  ―  lǜdòu  ―  mung bean

   蠶豆／蚕豆  ―  cándòu  ―  fava bean

   豌豆  ―  wāndòu  ―  pea

2. bean-shaped object

   咖啡豆  ―  kāfēidòu  ―  coffee bean

3. (historical) a kind of food container

Compounds

Derived terms from 豆

俎豆 冷灰爆豆 刀切豆腐 吃豆腐 (chī dòufu) 四季豆 (sìjìdòu) 土豆 (tǔdòu) 大豆 (dàdòu) 大豆油 山扁豆 山豆根 (shāndòugēn) 巴豆 (bādòu) 扁豆 (biǎndòu) 撒豆成兵 敏豆 (mǐndòu) 杏仁豆腐 (xìngrén dòufu) 梅豆 楬豆 榆瞑豆重 槐豆 毛豆 (máodòu) 澡豆 煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí) 燃萁煮豆 狗豆子 瓜分豆剖 瓜剖豆分 甜豆 (tiándòu) 白小豆 白豆蔻 (báidòukòu) 皇帝豆 (huángdìdòu) 目光如豆 相思豆 磨豆腐 (mò dòufu) 稨豆 糟豆腐 羽扇豆 老豆 老豆腐 (lǎodòufu) 肉豆蔻 (ròudòukòu) 胡豆 (húdòu) 臭豆 臭豆腐 (chòudòufu) 芽豆 (yádòu) 菉豆 菉豆眼 菜豆 (càidòu) 萁豆 萹豆 虎爪豆 蛾眉豆 蜜豆冰 豆乳 (dòurǔ) 豆剖 豆剖瓜分 豆大 豆姑娘 豆娘 (dòuniáng) 豆娘子

豆子 (dòuzi) 豆宣 豆槐 豆汁 (dòuzhī) 豆沙 (dòushā) 豆油 (dòuyóu) 豆渣 豆漺 豆爽 (dòushuǎng) 豆皮 (dòupí) 豆碹 豆秸灰 豆算 豆粥 豆羹 豆脯 豆腐 (dòufu) 豆腐乳 (dòufurǔ) 豆腐官 豆腐心 豆腐皮 (dòufupí) 豆腐衣 豆腐西施 豆花 (dòuhuā) 豆芽 (dòuyá) 豆芽菜 (dòuyácài) 豆苗 (dòumiáo) 豆萁 豆萁之喻 豆萁相煎 豆萱 豆蒜 豆蓉 豆蔻 (dòukòu) 豆薯 (dòushǔ) 豆角 (dòujiǎo) 豆豉 (dòuchǐ) 豆豉油 豆象 豆重榆瞑 豆雁 豆青 豇豆 (jiāngdòu) 豌豆 (wāndòu) 赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu) 赤豆 (chìdòu) 跳豆 野毛扁豆 野豌豆 青豆 (qīngdòu) 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu) 麻豆 (mádòu) 黑豆 (hēidòu) 豆干 豆腐干 伊豆半島／伊豆半岛 (Yīdòu Bàndǎo) 兩豆塞耳／两豆塞耳

凍豆腐／冻豆腐 寸馬豆人／寸马豆人 小豆兒／小豆儿 念豆兒佛／念豆儿佛 料豆兒／料豆儿 棧豆／栈豆 (zhàndòu) 油炸豆兒／油炸豆儿 (yóuzhádòur) 濱豇豆／滨豇豆 炒豆兒／炒豆儿 烏豆／乌豆 甘納豆／甘纳豆 發牙豆／发牙豆 白豆兒佛／白豆儿佛 種豆得豆／种豆得豆 簞食豆羹／箪食豆羹 籩豆／笾豆 紅豆／红豆 (hóngdòu) 綠豆／绿豆 (lǜdòu) 綠豆皮兒／绿豆皮儿 綠豆稀飯／绿豆稀饭 綠豆糕／绿豆糕 (lǜdòugāo) 綠豆蠅／绿豆蝇 羅漢豆／罗汉豆 (luóhàndòu) 芝麻綠豆／芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu) 芻豆／刍豆 荷蘭豆／荷兰豆 (hélándòu) 蠶豆／蚕豆 (cándòu) 蠶豆症／蚕豆症 (cándòuzhèng) 觴豆／觞豆 豆乾／豆干 (dòugān) 豆兒大／豆儿大 豆嘴兒／豆嘴儿 豆條／豆条 豆漿／豆浆 (dòujiāng) 豆瓣醬／豆瓣酱 (dòubànjiàng) 豆簽／豆签 豆絲／豆丝 豆綠／豆绿 豆腐乾／豆腐干 (dòufugān) 豆腐腦／豆腐脑 (dòufunǎo) 豆腐飯／豆腐饭 豆腐鯊／豆腐鲨 (dòufushā) 豆莢／豆荚 (dòujiá) 豆蔻年華／豆蔻年华 (dòukòuniánhuá) 豆蔻梢頭／豆蔻梢头 豆醬／豆酱 (dòujiàng) 豆餅／豆饼 (dòubǐng) 豆饌／豆馔 迸豆兒／迸豆儿 醬豆腐／酱豆腐 (jiàngdòufu) 銅豌豆／铜豌豆 鐵蠶豆／铁蚕豆 長豇豆／长豇豆 雲豆／云豆 (yúndòu) 馬齒豆／马齿豆 (mǎchǐdòu) 黃豆／黄豆 (huángdòu) 黃豆芽／黄豆芽

References

• “豆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

豆

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. bean, legume

Readings

• Go-on: ず (zu, Jōyō ^†)^{←づ (du, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kun: まめ (mame, 豆, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ど (do)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
豆
まめ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) まめ​ [màméꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠me̞]

Compounds

Compounds

• 豆(とう)乳(にゅう) (tōnyū, “soy milk”)
• 豆(とう)腐(ふ) (tōfu, “tofu”)
• 豆(まめ)甘(うまし) (mameumashi), 豆(まめ)回(まわ)し (mamemawashi): Japanese grosbeak
• 小豆(あずき) (azuki, “azuki bean”)
• 枝(えだ)豆(まめ) (edamame, “edamame”)
• 大(だい)豆(ず) (daizu, “soybean”)
• 納豆(なっとう) (nattō, “natto”)

Noun

豆(まめ) • (mame) 

1. the pulses
2. a bean
   • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)５(ご)巻(かん)　ジャックと豆(まめ)の木(き) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 5: Jack and the Beanstalk]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 120:

     ジャックは豆(まめ)の木をつたって、雲の上にのぼりました。

     Jakku wa mame no ki o tsutatte, kumo no ue ni noborimashita.

     Jack scrambled along the beanstalk, climbed up above the clouds.

3. a pea
4. a soybean

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豆 (MC dəu^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 뚜ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttwúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 두 (twu) (Yale: twu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tu]
• Phonetic hangul: [두]

Hanja

Wikisource豆 (eumhun 콩 두 (kong du))

1. Hanja form^? of 두 (“bean”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 두부 (豆腐, dubu, “tofu”)
• 두유 (豆乳, duyu, “soy milk”)
• 두유 (豆油, duyu)
• 대두 (大豆, daedu)
• 녹두 (綠豆, nokdu)
• 두류 (豆類, duryu)
• 두아 (豆芽, dua)
• 흑두 (黑豆, heukdu)
• 홍두 (紅豆, hongdu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

豆: Hán Nôm readings: đậu[1], dấu[2]

1. chữ Hán form of đậu (“bean”).

Derived terms

• 豆漿 (đậu tương)
• 豆腐 (đậu hủ)
• 豆芽 (đậu nha)
• 豆蔻 (đậu khấu)

 

References

1. Trần (1999).
2. Trần (2004).

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Zhuang

Noun

豆

1. Sawndip form of daeuh (“seaweed, algae”)

Adjective

豆

1. Sawndip form of daeuh (“green (as seaweed or algae)”)