識
See also: 识, 䛊, and 讖
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Translingual
| Japanese | 識 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 识 |
| Traditional | 識 |
Han character
識 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜戈日 (YRYIA), four-corner 03650, composition ⿰言戠)
Derived characters
- 𧄹
Related characters
- 识 (Simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 1181, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35974
- Dae Jaweon: page 1644, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4019, character 16
- Unihan data for U+8B58
- Unihan data for U+F9FC
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 識 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (戠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 識 | *tjɯɡs, *hljɯɡ |
| 幟 | *tjɯɡs, *tʰjɯɡs, *hljɯɡs |
| 織 | *tjɯɡs, *tjɯɡ |
| 熾 | *tʰjɯɡs |
| 樴 | *dɯːɡ, *tjɯɡ |
| 職 | *tjɯɡ |
| 軄 | *tjɯɡ |
| 戠 | *tjɯɡ |
| 膱 | *tjɯɡ |
| 蟙 | *tjɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯɡs, *hljɯɡ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 識 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 识* | |
| alternative forms | 𧨺 𧬣 𧥾 | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
識
- to know; to realise; to be aware
- (Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Wu) to recognise; to be familiar with; to know (especially someone or how to do something)
- 我唔識普通話。我唔識講普通話。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- ngo5 m4 sik1 pou2 tung1 waa6-2. ngo5 m4 sik1 gong2 pou2 tung1 waa6-2. [Jyutping]
- I don't know Mandarin. I don't know how to speak Mandarin.
我唔识普通话。我唔识讲普通话。 [Cantonese, simp.]- 中國人好識食。中國人好識做生意。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- zung1 gwok3 jan4 hou2 sik1 sik6. zung1 gwok3 jan4 hou2 sik1 zou6 saang1 ji3. [Jyutping]
- Chinese people really know how to eat (to appreciate, to be discerning, to enjoy, to be skilled, to savor). Chinese are good at business.
中国人好识食。中国人好识做生意。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- to appreciate; to recognise the worth of
- to distinguish; to discriminate
- knowledge; experience
- (Buddhism) mind; consciousness; viññāṇa
- † bosom friend; acquaintance
- † thought; awareness
- † Alternative form of 適／适 (shì, “just now”).
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 認識 (“to know (somebody)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 認識 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 認識 |
| Taiwan | 認識 | |
| Singapore | 認識 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 識得, 識 |
| Hong Kong | 識得, 識 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 識 | |
| Yangjiang | 識得, 識 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 識 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 識 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 識, 識得 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 識 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 識 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 識 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 識 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 識 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 識 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 識 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 認得 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 捌, 捌傳 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 捌 |
| Quanzhou | 捌 | |
| Shishi | 捌 | |
| Zhangzhou | 捌 | |
| Taipei | 捌 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 捌 | |
| Kaohsiung | 捌 | |
| Yilan | 捌 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 捌 | |
| Taichung | 捌 | |
| Tainan | 捌 | |
| Hsinchu | 捌 | |
| Kinmen | 捌 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 捌 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 捌 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 捌 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 捌 | |
| Chaozhou | 捌 | |
| Shantou | 捌 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 捌 | |
| Jieyang | 捌 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 捌 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 捌 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 捌 | |
| Leizhou | 捌 | |
| Wenchang | 捌 | |
| Haikou | 捌 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 捌 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 認得, 相熟 dated |
| Wuxi | 認識 | |
| Wenzhou | 識 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 會 (“to know how to; to be able to”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 會 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 會 |
| Taiwan | 會 | |
| Jinan | 會 | |
| Xi'an | 會 | |
| Wuhan | 會, 曉得 | |
| Chengdu | 會 | |
| Yangzhou | 會 | |
| Hefei | 會 | |
| Malaysia | 會 | |
| Singapore | 會 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 會, 識, 識得, 曉 |
| Hong Kong | 識, 識得, 曉 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 識 | |
| Macau | 識 | |
| Taishan | 會, 識, 識領, 曉, 曉領 | |
| Yangjiang | 會, 識 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 識 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 識 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 識 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 會, 曉得 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 會, 識得, 曉, 曉得 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 曉得, 會 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 曉得, 會 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 曉得, 會 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 曉得, 曉 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 曉得, 會 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 會, 會曉 | |
| Hong Kong | 曉 | |
| Sabah (Bao'an) | 曉 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 曉 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 會 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 惡 |
| Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 解 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 會 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 會, 會曉 |
| Quanzhou | 會, 會曉 | |
| Zhangzhou | 會, 會曉 | |
| Taipei | 會, 會曉 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 會, 會曉 | |
| Kaohsiung | 會, 會曉 | |
| Yilan | 會, 會曉 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 會, 會曉 | |
| Taichung | 會, 會曉 | |
| Tainan | 會, 會曉 | |
| Hsinchu | 會 | |
| Kinmen | 會 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 會 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 會曉 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 會曉 | |
| Medan (Hokkien) | 會曉 | |
| Chaozhou | 會, 會曉 | |
| Shantou | 會, 會曉 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 會 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 會曉 | |
| Wenchang | 捌 | |
| Qionghai | 捌 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 捌 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 識 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 會, 曉得 |
| Suzhou | 會 | |
| Wenzhou | 會 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 會, 曉得 |
| Shuangfeng | 會, 曉得 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 識
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Etymology 2
| trad. | 識 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 识* | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
識
- † to put a mark
- † to remember
- 夫子曰：「小子識之，苛政猛於虎也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fūzǐ yuē: “Xiǎozǐ zhì zhī, kēzhèng měng yú hǔ yě.” [Pinyin]
- The Master then said, "Remember this, my little children. Oppressive government is more terrible than tigers."
夫子曰：“小子识之，苛政猛于虎也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † mark; sign
- † flag
- † raised words on an ancient bell or cauldron
Compounds
Derived terms from 識
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Etymology 3
| trad. | 識 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 识* | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
識
- (Min Nan) Alternative form of 捌 (“to know”).
References
- “識”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 識 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2] | 識󠄂 識+ 󠄂?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |  |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
識
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- discriminating
- know
- write
Readings
From Middle Chinese 識 (MC ɕɨk̚); compare Mandarin 識 (shí):
- Go-on: しき (shiki, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
From Middle Chinese 識 (MC t͡ɕɨH); compare Mandarin 識 (zhì):
- Go-on: し (shi)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: しる (shiru, 識る); しるし (shirushi, 識); しるす (shirusu, 識す)
- Nanori: さと (sato); つね (tsune); のり (nori)
References
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1995 (paper), page 1049 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1139 (paper), page 582 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 識 (MC ɕɨk̚).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 식〮 (Yale: sík) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 알 식 | Recorded as Middle Korean 식 (sik) (Yale: sik) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰik̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [식]
Hanja
Wikisource識 (eumhun 알 식 (al sik))
- Hanja form? of 식 (“knowing”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 감식 (鑑識, gamsik)
- 견식 (見識, gyeonsik)
- 면식 (面識, myeonsik)
- 상식 (常識, sangsik)
- 식견 (識見, sikgyeon)
- 식별 (識別, sikbyeol)
- 안식 (眼識, ansik)
- 유식 (有識, yusik)
- 의식 (意識, uisik)
- 인식 (認識, insik)
- 학식 (學識, haksik)
- 식량 (識量, singnyang)
- 식자 (識者, sikja)
- 지식 (知識, jisik)
- 무식 (無識, musik)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 識 (MC t͡ɕɨH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 징〮 (Yale: cí?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄉᆡᆼ각 지[1] | Recorded as Middle Korean 지 (ci) (Yale: ci) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]
- Phonetic hangul: [지]
Hanja
識 (eumhun 적을 지 (jeogeul ji))
- Hanja form? of 지 (“writing; mark”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 표지 (標識, pyoji)
- 관지 (款識, gwanji)
- 기지 (記識, giji)
- 묵지 (默識, mukji)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
識: Hán Nôm readings: thức
- chữ Hán form of thức (“consciousness”).