謹

See also: 谨

謹	U+8B39, 謹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B39

← 謸
[U+8B38]

CJK Unified Ideographs

謺 →
[U+8B3A]

謹	U+FA63, 謹 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA63

← 謁
[U+FA62]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

賓 →
[U+FA64]

謹	U+FABF, 謹 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABF

← 諭
[U+FABE]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

變 →
[U+FAC0]

Translingual

Japanese	謹
Simplified	谨
Traditional	謹

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the top right component of 堇 is written 艹 instead of 廿. Due to Han unification, both characters (謹/謹) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA63) exists for the kyūjitai form of 謹.

Han character

謹 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11 in Chinese, 言+10 in Japanese, 18 strokes in Chinese, 17 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿中一 (YRTLM), four-corner 0461₄, composition ⿰言堇(GHTKV) or ⿰言𦰌(J))

Descendants

谨

References

KangXi: page 1178, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35850
Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4010, character 13
Unihan data for U+8B39
Unihan data for U+FA63
Unihan data for U+FABF

Chinese

trad.		謹
simp.		谨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	kʰrɯnʔ, kʰrɯns
堇	ɡrɯn, kɯnʔ
墐	ɡrɯn, ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	ɡrɯns, ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	ŋɡrɯn, ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	kɯnʔ, ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯnʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) – to speak caution.

Etymology

Cognate with 兢 (OC *kɯŋ, “to be cautious”), which is possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gan²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kín
(Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan²
  - Yale: gán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín
  - Tâi-lô: kín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /kɨn^X/

Rime
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居隱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨn^X/
Li Rong	/kiən^X/
Wang Li	/kĭən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[r]ʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kj+n^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kə[r]ʔ/
English	attentive, careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謹
Reading #	1/1
No.	6744
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/

Definitions

謹

prudent; cautious; careful; reverent

Compounds

修謹以俟／修谨以俟
勤謹／勤谨
卑謹／卑谨
嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
奉命唯謹／奉命唯谨
小廉曲謹／小廉曲谨
小心謹慎／小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
恭謹／恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
恭謹謙和／恭谨谦和
慎小謹微／慎小谨微
拘謹／拘谨 (jūjǐn)
敬謹／敬谨
曲謹／曲谨

細謹／细谨
謙謹／谦谨
謹上／谨上 (jǐnshàng)
謹厚／谨厚
謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
謹守／谨守 (jǐnshǒu)
謹密／谨密
謹小慎微／谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
謹慎行事／谨慎行事
謹於心／谨于心
謹毛失貌／谨毛失貌

謹祕／谨秘
謹稟／谨禀
謹細／谨细
謹終追遠／谨终追远
謹肅／谨肃
謹言／谨言
謹言慎行／谨言慎行 (jǐnyánshènxíng)
謹記／谨记 (jǐnjì)
謹謹慎慎／谨谨慎慎
謹防／谨防 (jǐnfáng)
謹領／谨领
謹飭／谨饬

Japanese

Shinjitai	謹
Kyūjitai [1][2][3]	謹 `謹` or 謹+`︀`^?
	謹󠄀 謹+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	謹󠄄 謹+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

謹

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 謹)

be mindful of
be prudent

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 謹む, Jōyō)
Nanori: すすむ (susumu); ちか (chika); なり (nari); のり (nori); もり (mori)

Compounds

恐(きょう)惶(こう)謹(きん)言(げん) (kyōkō kingen)
謹(きん)賀(が)新(しん)年(ねん) (kinga shinnen)
謹(きん)啓(けい) (kinkei)
謹(きん)言(げん) (kingen)
謹(きん)厳(げん) (kingen)
謹(きん)厳(げん)実(じっ)直(ちょく) (kingen jitchoku)
謹(きん)告(こく) (kinkoku)
謹(きん)上(じょう) (kinjō)
謹(きん)慎(しん) (kinshin): house arrest, self restraint
謹(きん)製(せい) (kinsei)
謹(きん)聴(ちょう) (kinchō)
謹(きん)直(ちょく) (kinchoku)
謹(きん)勅(ちょく), 謹(きん)飭(ちょく) (kinchoku)
謹(きん)呈(てい) (kintei)
不(ふ)謹(きん)慎(しん) (fukinshin)

References

“謹”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1992 (paper), page 1048 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1137 (paper), page 581 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

Korean

Hanja

謹 (eumhun 삼갈 근 (samgal geun))

Hanja form^? of 근 (“prudent, cautious”).
Hanja form^? of 근 (“attentive”).

Compounds

근계 (謹啓, geun'gye)
근고 (謹告, geun'go)
근상 (謹上, geunsang)
근신 (謹愼, geunsin)
근언 (謹言, geuneon)
근엄 (謹嚴, geuneom)
근엄 실직 (謹嚴實直, geuneom siljik)
근정 (謹呈, geunjeong)
근제 (謹製, geunje)
근직 (謹直, geunjik)
근청 (謹聽, geuncheong)
근칙 (謹飭, geunchik)
근하신년 (謹賀新年, geunhasinnyeon)
불근신 (不謹愼, bulgeunsin)
황공 근언 (恐惶謹言, hwanggong geuneon)

Vietnamese

Han character

謹: Hán Việt readings: cẩn
謹: Nôm readings: ngẩn, kín, ghín, cẩn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

[1] “謹”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

[2] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1992 (paper), page 1048 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[3] 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1137 (paper), page 581 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)