謬

謬

See also: 谬

謬 U+8B2C, 謬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B2C ← 謫 [U+8B2B] CJK Unified Ideographs 謭 → [U+8B2D]

Translingual

Han character

謬 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸一竹 (YRSMH), four-corner 0762₂, composition ⿰訁翏)

1. error, exaggeration
2. erroneous

References

• KangXi: page 1177, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35872
• Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4015, character 12
• Unihan data for U+8B2C

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Chinese

trad.		謬
simp.		谬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	*ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐	*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	*rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	*krɯːw, *rɯw
髎	*riw, *rɯːw
熮	*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	*rɯːw, *rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥	*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼	*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆	*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠	*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	*rɯw, *rɯws
鏐	*rɯw, *rɯw
僇	*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): miù, niù (miu⁴, niu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄡˋ, ㄋㄧㄡˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): miu⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): mau⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mau⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): mieu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): meu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): miau³

• Jin (Wiktionary): niou³
• Min Bei (KCR): miāu
• Min Dong (BUC): miêu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): biū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niu⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): mieu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): miau⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miòu
    • Wade–Giles: miu⁴
    • Yale: myòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miow
    • Palladius: мю (mju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mjoʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niù
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niòu
    • Wade–Giles: niu⁴
    • Yale: nyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niow
    • Palladius: ню (nju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /njoʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: miu⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miəu²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mau⁶
    • Yale: mauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mau⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbau³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mieu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: miau³
    • Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: niou³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miāu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: miêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biū
    • Tâi-lô: biū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biu³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: niu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: mieu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɜ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: miau⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɒu⁴⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 謬
Mandarin	Beijing	/miou⁵¹/ /niou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/niou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niou⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵiou²¹/
	Qingdao	/niou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/niou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/niou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/miɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/niəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵiou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/miau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/miau¹³/ /miəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/miəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/miəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/miɔo⁴⁴/ /miəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/niəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/miɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/miɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/miɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/miu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/miau⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/miaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/miau³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²²/
	Nanning	/mɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/biu²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/miɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/niau⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/nĩu³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/miu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /miɪu^H/

Rime
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	靡幼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪuH/
Pan Wuyun	/mɨuH/
Shao Rongfen	/mieuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiwH/
Li Rong	/miĕuH/
Wang Li	/miəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mieuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riw-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiwH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-riw-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-)
English	lie, error < 'twist the truth'
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
No.	8388
Phonetic component	翏
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	謬
Old Chinese	/*mrɯws/

Definitions

謬

1. false; wrong; erroneous
2. a surname

Compounds

乖謬／乖谬 (guāimiù) 剌謬／剌谬 匡謬／匡谬 大謬不然／大谬不然 (dàmiùbùrán) 悖謬／悖谬 (bèimiù) 悠謬／悠谬 析疑匡謬／析疑匡谬 歸謬法／归谬法 疵蒙謬累／疵蒙谬累 秕謬／秕谬 繩愆糾謬／绳愆纠谬 荒謬／荒谬 (huāngmiù)

荒謬劇／荒谬剧 荒謬小說／荒谬小说 荒謬絕倫／荒谬绝伦 (huāngmiùjuélún) 訛謬／讹谬 (émiù) 誤謬／误谬 (wùmiù) 謬以千里／谬以千里 謬妄／谬妄 (miùwàng) 謬悠之說／谬悠之说 謬愛／谬爱 謬採虛聲／谬采虚声 謬斯／谬斯 謬獎／谬奖 (miùjiǎng)

謬種／谬种 (miùzhǒng) 謬種流傳／谬种流传 謬耄／谬耄 謬見／谬见 (miùjiàn) 謬言／谬言 謬誤／谬误 (miùwù) 謬誤百出／谬误百出 謬論／谬论 (miùlùn) 謬識／谬识 謬讚／谬赞 謬領／谬领

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Japanese

Kanji

謬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. mistake

Readings

• Go-on: みゅう (myū)^{←みう (miu, historical)}
• Kan-on: びゅう (byū)^{←びう (biu, historical)}
• Kun: あやまる (ayamaru, 謬る)

Compounds

Compounds with 謬

• 乖謬(かいびゅう) (kaibyū)
• 過謬(かびゅう) (kabyū)
• 誤謬(ごびゅう) (gobyū)
• 錯謬(さくびゅう) (sakubyū)
• 粃謬(ひびゅう) (hibyū)
• 謬計(びゅうけい) (byūkei)
• 謬見(びゅうけん) (byūken)
• 謬言(びゅうげん) (byūgen)
• 謬錯(びゅうさく) (byūsaku)
• 謬算(びゅうさん) (byūsan)
• 謬説(びゅうせつ) (byūsetsu)
• 謬想(びゅうそう) (byūsō)
• 謬伝(びゅうでん) (byūden)
• 謬論(びゅうろん) (byūron)
• 無謬(むびゅう) (mubyū)
• 迷謬(めいびゅう) (meibyū)

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Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 무 (mu) based on Middle Chinese 謬 (MC miɪu^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 뮤ᇢ〮 (Yale: myúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾju] ~ [ju]
• Phonetic hangul: [류/유]

Hanja

Wikisource謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), South Korea 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu))

1. Hanja form^? of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 오류 (誤謬, oryu)
• 과류 (過謬, gwaryu)
• 유오 (謬誤, yuo)
• 유견 (謬見, yugyeon)
• 유론 (謬論, yuron)
• 유상 (謬想, yusang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

謬: Hán Việt readings: mậu[1][2][3][4]

1. chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”).

References

1. Trần (2004).
2. Trần (1999).
3. Nguyễn (1974).
4. Thiều Chửu (1942).