諳

See also: 谙

諳	U+8AF3, 諳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF3

← 諲
[U+8AF2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諴 →
[U+8AF4]

Translingual

Han character

諳 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口卜廿日 (YRYTA), four-corner 0066₁, composition ⿰言音)

References

KangXi: page 1171, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35736

Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 19

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4000, character 19

Unihan data for U+8AF3

Chinese

trad.		諳
simp.		谙
alternative forms		闇／暗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諳
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
諳	*qɯːm
腤	*qɯːm
嬜	qɯːm, qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm
喑	qɯːm, qrɯm, *qrɯms
揞	qɯːmʔ, qrɯːms
隌	qɯːmʔ, qrɯm
罯	qɯːmʔ, qɯːb
暗	*qɯːms
闇	*qɯːms
黯	qrɯːm, qrɯːmʔ
歆	*qʰrɯm
愔	*qɯm
韾	*qɯm
音	*qrɯm
瘖	*qrɯm
窨	*qrɯms
湆	*kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯːm) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): ān (an¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄢ
(Chengdu, SP): ngan²
Cantonese (Jyutping): am¹, am²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ān
  - Zhuyin: ㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: an
  - Wade–Giles: an¹
  - Yale: ān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: an
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: am¹, am²
  - Yale: ām, ám
  - Cantonese Pinyin: am¹, am²
  - Guangdong Romanization: em¹, em²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐm⁵⁵/, /ɐm³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: /ʔʌm/

Rime
Character	諳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəm/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəm/
Li Rong	/ʔᴀm/
Wang Li	/ɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	am¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qɯːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諳
Reading #	1/1
No.	15206
Phonetic component	音
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諳
Old Chinese	/*qɯːm/

Definitions

諳

to learn by heart
to be well versed in, to know well; to be familiar with; to be fully acquainted with
他深諳著我們國家的底層社會。 [MSC, trad.]
他深谙着我们国家的底层社会。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā shēn ān zhe wǒmen guójiā de dǐcéng shèhuì. [Pinyin]
He has a deep understanding of the underclass of our country.
(Sichuanese) to think, to believe

Compounds

不諳／不谙
不諳事務／不谙事务
熟諳／熟谙 (shú'ān)
知音諳呂／知音谙吕

言不諳典／言不谙典
諳事／谙事
諳分／谙分

諳歷／谙历
諳練／谙练 (ānliàn)
諳習／谙习 (ānxí)

References

“諳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

諳

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: おん (on)

Kan-on: あん (an)

Kun: そらんじる (soranjiru, 諳じる)

Korean

Hanja

諳 • (am) (hangeul 암)

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Vietnamese

Han character

諳: Hán Nôm readings: am

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