論語

論語

See also: 论语

Chinese

		to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)	speech; language; dialect speech; language; dialect; tell to
trad. (論語)		論	語
simp. (论语)		论	语

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Lúnyǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ jyu⁵, leon⁶ jyu⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Lùn-ngî
• Min Nan (POJ): Lûn-gír / Lūn-gú / Lûn-gú / Lūn-gí

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lúnyǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lúnyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: Lun²-yü³
    • Yale: Lwún-yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luenyeu
    • Palladius: Луньюй (Lunʹjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: leon⁴ jyu⁵, leon⁶ jyu⁵
    • Yale: lèuhn yúh, leuhn yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ jy⁵, loen⁶ jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ yu⁵, lên⁶ yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/, /lɵn²² jyː¹³/

Note: leon6 jyu5 - variant.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Lùn-ngî
    • Hakka Romanization System: lunˇ ngi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lun² ngi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /lun¹¹ ɲi²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lûn-gír
    • Tâi-lô: Lûn-gír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lūn-gú
    • Tâi-lô: Lūn-gú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luxn'guo
    • IPA (Taipei): /lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lûn-gú
    • Tâi-lô: Lûn-gú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lun'guo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lūn-gí
    • Tâi-lô: Lūn-gí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luxn'gie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /liuɪn  ŋɨʌ^X/

Rime
Character	論	語
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力迍切	魚巨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪn/	/ŋɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷin/	/ŋiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuen/	/ŋiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwin/	/ŋɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/liuĕn/	/ŋiɔX/
Wang Li	/lĭuĕn/	/ŋĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯uĕn/	/ŋi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lún	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leon4	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]u[n]  ŋ(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*run  ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	論	語
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lún	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ lwin ›	‹ ngjoX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]u[n]/	/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English	(in name of Lúnyǔ 論語)	speak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	論	語
Reading #	3/3	1/2
No.	8667	13159
Phonetic component	侖	五
Rime group	文	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	淪	語
Old Chinese	/*run/	/*ŋaʔ/

Proper noun

論語

1. Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)

   半部論語治天下 [MSC, trad.]
   半部论语治天下 [MSC, simp.]

   From: attributed to 趙普 Zhao Pu, based on a line in 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu's play《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor

   bàn bù Lúnyǔ zhì tiānxià [Pinyin]

   With a knowledge of only half of the Analects I can govern all under heaven.

   • 每決大事，啟文觀書，乃《論語》也，此時稱小官以半部《論語》治一天下。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     每决大事，启文观书，乃《论语》也，此时称小官以半部《论语》治一天下。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu, 《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor, [Yuan dynasty]

     Měi jué dàshì, qǐwén guānshū, nǎi “lùnyǔ” yě, cǐshí chēng xiǎoguān yǐ bàn bù “lùnyǔ” zhì yī tiānxià. [Pinyin]

     Each time I decide on some important affair, I open up a piece of writing — the Analects. Now it is said of me that “I order the empire with half of the Analects.”

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
論	語
ろん Grade: 6	ご Grade: 2
on’yomi	goon

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) ろんご [ròńgó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• (Tokyo) ろ​んご [róꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɾõ̞ŋɡo̞]

Proper noun

論(ろん)語(ご) • (Rongo) 

1. Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)

References

1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
論	語

Proper noun

論語 • (Noneo) (hangeul 논어)

1. Hanja form^? of 논어 (“Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
論	語

Proper noun

論語

1. chữ Hán form of Luận Ngữ (“Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”).