誤る
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
誤 |
あやま Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
- 謬る
Etymology
Ultimately from Old Japanese. Appears in sources at least as old as 889 CE.[1]
This was originally just the intransitive counterpart to transitive verb ayamatsu (spelled either 過つ or 誤つ).[1] Both may derive from classical verb ayamu (spelled either 怪む or 危む), itself derived from stem aya related to ideas of danger, as in terms 危うい (ayaui, “risky, dangerous”), 怪しい (ayashii, “questionable, dubious; clumsy, awkward; foreboding (in a bad way); mysterious, bewitching”).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) あやまる [àyámáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
- IPA(key): [a̠ja̠ma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
誤る (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana あやまる, rōmaji ayamaru)
- to make a mistake, to err
- 誤るのが人間である。
- Ayamaru no ga ningen de aru.
- To err is human
- 誤るのが人間である。
- to become in a bad mood, to become troubled or despondent
- to be unreasonable or irregular
誤る (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana あやまる, rōmaji ayamaru)
- to mistake one thing for another
- to choose in the wrong direction
- 身を誤る
- mi o ayamaru
- to mistake one's self → to go astray, to go bad
- 身を誤る
- to deceive someone, to lead astray
- 人を誤る、人を誤る言動
- hito o ayamaru, hito o ayamaru gendō
- to lead someone astray, words and actions that lead someone astray
- 人を誤る、人を誤る言動
- to take something through deception, to deceive someone of something
- 人の金をあやまり
- hito no kane o ayamari
- deceiving people of their money
- 人の金をあやまり
- to break a promise, to break one's word
- 契れること誤れる人に
- chigireru koto ayamareru hito ni
- to a person who could break what they would promise
- 契れること誤れる人に
Conjugation
Conjugation of "誤る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 誤ら | あやまら | ayamara |
Continuative (連用形) | 誤り | あやまり | ayamari |
Terminal (終止形) | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Attributive (連体形) | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Imperative (命令形) | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 誤られる | あやまられる | ayamarareru |
Causative | 誤らせる 誤らす | あやまらせる あやまらす | ayamaraseru ayamarasu |
Potential | 誤れる | あやまれる | ayamareru |
Volitional | 誤ろう | あやまろう | ayamarō |
Negative | 誤らない | あやまらない | ayamaranai |
Negative continuative | 誤らず | あやまらず | ayamarazu |
Formal | 誤ります | あやまります | ayamarimasu |
Perfective | 誤った | あやまった | ayamatta |
Conjunctive | 誤って | あやまって | ayamatte |
Hypothetical conditional | 誤れば | あやまれば | ayamareba |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN