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单词 詩
释义

詩

See also: 诗
詩 U+8A69, 詩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A69
← 詨
[U+8A68]		CJK Unified Ideographs詪 →
[U+8A6A]

Translingual

Han character

詩 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土木戈 (YRGDI), four-corner 04641, composition ⿰訁寺)

Derived characters

  • 𡀗, 𫄋, 𡮲
  • 诗 (Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 1157, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35427
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3961, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8A69

Chinese

trad.詩
simp.诗
alternative forms𧥳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詩
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等*tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待*dɯːʔ
寺*ljɯs
持*l'ɯ
峙*dɯʔ
痔*dɯʔ
跱*dɯʔ
歭*dɯʔ
洔*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲*dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤*dɯʔ
時*djɯ
鰣*djɯ
塒*djɯ
蒔*djɯ, *djɯs
榯*djɯ
恃*djɯʔ
侍*djɯs
詩*hljɯ
邿*hljɯ
特*dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljɯ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) – poetry is a form of language, speech.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): shī (shi1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, I)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): si1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): si1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
    (Meixian, Guangdong): si1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): si1
  • Min Bei (KCR): sí
  • Min Dong (BUC): sĭ
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): si
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): shr1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shī
      • Zhuyin: ㄕ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shih
      • Wade–Giles: shih1
      • Yale: shr̄
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
      • Palladius: ши (ši)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: si1
      • Yale: sī
      • Cantonese Pinyin: si1
      • Guangdong Romanization: xi1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: si1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
      • Hakka Romanization System: sii´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: si1
      • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: si1
      • Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: si1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí
      • Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
      • Tâi-lô: si
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sy
      • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕi⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /ɕi⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕi⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: si1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si
      • Sinological IPA (key): /si³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: sr (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: shr1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /sz̩³³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ɕɨ/
Rime
Character詩
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)之 (19)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie書之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕɨ/
Li
Rong		/ɕiə/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɕi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		si1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character詩
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shī
Middle
Chinese		‹ syi ›
Old
Chinese		/*s.tə/
Englishpoetry

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character詩
Reading #1/1
No.12052
Phonetic
component		寺
Rime
group		之
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		詩
Old
Chinese		/*hljɯ/

Definitions

詩

  1. poem; verse; ode; poetry (Classifier: 首 m)
  2. Short for 詩經／诗经 (Shījīng, “Classic of Poetry”).

Compounds

Derived terms from 詩

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (詩):
  • → Japanese: 詩(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 시(詩) (si)
  • → Vietnamese: thi (詩)

References

  • “詩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

詩

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. poetry, poem
  2. (archaic) Chinese-style poetry
  3. modern Japanese poetry

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うた (uta, 詩); うたう (utau, 詩う)←うたふ (utafu, historical)

Compounds

  • 詩(し)吟(ぎん) (shigin, “recitation of a Chinese poem”)
  • 詩(し)情(じょう) (shijō, “poetic sentiment, interest”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
詩
し
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC ɕɨ).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) し [shì] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ɕi]

Noun

詩(し) • (shi) 

  1. poem
  2. verse of poetry
  3. (poetry) Chinese poetry
  4. Short for 詩経 (“Shijing, the Book of Odes”).
Derived terms
  • 詩(しい)歌(か) (shīka), 詩(し)歌(か) (shika, “Japanese poetry”)
  • 漢(かん)詩(し) (kanshi, “Chinese poetry”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
詩
うた
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 詩 – see the following entry.
【歌うた】2
[noun] (music) a song
[noun] (poetry) poetry
Alternative spellings
唄, 詩, 謳
(This term, 詩, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 詩 (MC ɕɨ). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource詩 (eum 시 (si))

  1. Hanja form? of 시 (“poetry; poem”).
  2. Hanja form? of 시 (“verse”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 시가 (詩歌, siga)
  • 시객 (詩客, sigaek)
  • 시경 (詩經, sigyeong)
  • 시단 (詩壇, sidan)
  • 시문 (詩文, simun)
  • 시상 (詩想, sisang)
  • 시서 (詩書, siseo)
  • 시선 (詩仙, siseon)
  • 시성 (詩聖, siseong)
  • 시인 (詩人, siin)
  • 시작 (詩作, sijak)
  • 시재 (詩材, sijae)
  • 시정 (詩情, sijeong)
  • 시집 (詩集, sijip)
  • 시편 (詩篇, sipyeon)
  • 시풍 (詩風, sipung)
  • 시형 (詩形, sihyeong)
  • 시화 (詩話, sihwa)
  • 시흥 (詩興, siheung)
  • 극시 (劇詩, geuksi)
  • 부시 (賦詩, busi)
  • 서시 (序詩, seosi)
  • 송시 (誦詩, songsi)
  • 율시 (律詩, yulsi)
  • 작시 (作詩, jaksi)
  • 증시 (贈詩, jeungsi)
  • 한시 (漢詩, hansi)
  • 서경시 (敍景詩, seogyeongsi)
  • 서사시 (敍事詩, seosasi)
  • 서정시 (敍情詩, seojeongsi)
  • 서정시 (抒情詩, seojeongsi)
  • 전원시 (田園詩, jeonwonsi)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

詩: Hán Việt readings: thi (申(thân)之(chi)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
詩: Nôm readings: thơ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], thi[1][2][4][7]

  1. chữ Hán form of thi (“poetry; poem”).
  2. Nôm form of thơ (“poetry; poem; verse”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 詩伯 (thi bá)
  • 詩歌 (thi ca)
  • 詩豪 (thi hào)
  • 詩興 (thi hứng)
  • 詩禮 (thi lễ)
  • 詩人 (thi nhân)
  • 詩士 (thi sĩ)
  • 詩書 (thi thư)
  • 詩思 (thi tứ)
  • 詩味 (thi vị)
  • 詩社 (thi xã)
  • 詩唐 (thơ Đường)
  • 詩經 (Kinh Thi)
  • 史詩 (sử thi)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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