試

See also: 试

試	U+8A66, 試 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A66

← 詥
[U+8A65]

CJK Unified Ideographs

詧 →
[U+8A67]

Translingual

Han character

試 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈心一 (YRIPM), four-corner 0364₀, composition ⿰言式)

Derived characters

𤀏

References

KangXi: page 1157, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35415

Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3960, character 12

Unihan data for U+8A66

Chinese

trad.		試
simp.		试

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
戴	*ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶	*tɯːɡs
貸	*l̥ʰɯːɡs
代	*l'ɯːɡs
袋	*l'ɯːɡs
岱	*l'ɯːɡs
黛	*l'ɯːɡs
玳	*l'ɯːɡs
帒	*l'ɯːɡs
甙	*l'ɯːɡs
酨	l'ɯːs, zlɯːs
試	*hljɯɡs
弒	*hljɯɡs
忒	*l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣	l̥ʰɯːɡ, l'ɯːɡ
鴏	*l'ɯːɡ
栻	l̥ʰɯɡ, hljɯɡ
侙	*l̥ʰɯɡ
恜	*l̥ʰɯɡ
式	*hljɯɡ
軾	*hljɯɡ
拭	*hljɯɡ
鉽	*hljɯɡ
烒	*hljɯɡ
弋	*lɯɡ
芅	*lɯɡ
黓	*lɯɡ
隿	*lɯɡ
杙	*lɯɡ
釴	*lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si³, si⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ / sṳ
Min Bei (KCR): si̿
Min Dong (BUC): sé̤ṳ / ché / sé
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhì / sì
(Teochew, Peng'im): ci³
Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: si³, si⁵
  - Yale: si, síh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si³, si⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi³, xi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː³³/, /siː¹³/

Note:

si5 - common variant of si3 when meaning “test; examination”.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ / sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii / sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ / si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/, /sɨ⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: si̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ / ché / sé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²¹³/, /t͡sʰɛi²¹³/, /sɛi²¹³/

Note:

sé̤ṳ - literary;
ché - vernacular;
sé - vernacular (used in 考試).

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhì
  - Tâi-lô: tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chix
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
  - Tâi-lô: sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: six
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ɕi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕi¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi⁴¹/

Note:

chhì - vernacular;
sì - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ci³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: sr (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨ^H/

Rime
Character	試
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式吏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiə^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ək-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	試
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ syi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ək-s/
English	test, try
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	試
Reading #	1/1
No.	14971
Phonetic component	弋
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	試
Old Chinese	/*hljɯɡs/

Definitions

試

to test
我唔係𨃩你，想試下你啫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我唔系𨃩你，想试下你啫。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ m⁴ hai⁶ sin³ nei⁵, soeng² si³ haa⁵ nei⁵ ze¹. [Jyutping]
I'm not trapping you, just testing you.
to try; to experiment
試下呢個方法 [Cantonese, trad.]
试下呢个方法 [Cantonese, simp.]
si³ haa⁵ ni¹ go³ fong¹ faat³ [Jyutping]
to try out this method
test; examination (Classifier: 個／个 c)
我考埋呢個試就放假喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我考埋呢个试就放假喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ haau² maai⁴ ni¹ go³ si⁵ zau⁶ fong³ gaa³ laa³. [Jyutping]
After taking this exam, I'll be on vacation.
(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) experiment
(dialectal) to taste; to try
我切嚿蛋糕畀你試吖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我切嚿蛋糕畀你试吖。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ cit³ gau⁶ daan⁶ gou¹ bei² nei⁵ si³ aa¹. [Jyutping]
Let me cut a piece of cake for you to try.

Synonyms

(to try):

edit

筶 (Sichuanese)
試試看/试试看 (shìshì kàn)
企圖／企图 (qǐtú)

嘗／尝 (cháng)
嘗試／尝试 (chángshì)
希圖／希图 (xītú)

試一試／试一试 (shìyīshì) (colloquial)
試圖／试图 (shìtú)
試試／试试 (shìshi) (colloquial)

(to taste):

Dialectal synonyms of 嘗 (“to taste”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		嘗
Mandarin	Beijing	嘗
	Taiwan	嘗
	Jinan	嘗
	Xi'an	嘗
	Wuhan	嘗
	Chengdu	嘗
	Yangzhou	嘗
	Hefei	嘗
Cantonese	Guangzhou	試
	Hong Kong	試
	Yangjiang	試, 嘗
Gan	Nanchang	嘗
Hakka	Meixian	嘗
Jin	Taiyuan	嘗
Min Bei	Jian'ou	嘗
Min Dong	Fuzhou	嘗, 咂, 試
Min Nan	Xiamen	試, 啖
Min Nan	Chaozhou	試, 嘗
Wu	Suzhou	嘗
Wu	Wenzhou	嘗
Xiang	Changsha	試
Xiang	Shuangfeng	試, 嘗

Compounds

Derived terms from 試

一試／一试
主試／主试
以身試法／以身试法 (yǐshēnshìfǎ)
免試／免试 (miǎnshì)
免試升學／免试升学
典試／典试
初試／初试 (chūshì)
初試啼聲／初试啼声
初試身手／初试身手
升等考試／升等考试
及鋒而試／及锋而试
口試／口试 (kǒushì)
召試／召试
嘗試／尝试 (chángshì)
國家考試／国家考试
地下核試／地下核试
小試／小试
小試牛刀／小试牛刀
小試鋒芒／小试锋芒
屢試不爽／屡试不爽 (lǚshìbùshuǎng)
廣用試紙／广用试纸
廷試／廷试
應試／应试 (yìngshì)
打試／打试
挑試／挑试
教師甄試／教师甄试
新硎初試／新硎初试
日省月試／日省月试
日試萬言／日试万言
春試／春试
普通考試／普通考试
會試／会试 (huìshì)
期終考試／期终考试 (qīzhōng kǎoshì)
核子試爆／核子试爆
核子試驗／核子试验
模擬考試／模拟考试
檢定考試／检定考试
歲試／岁试
殿試／殿试 (diànshì)
比試／比试 (bǐshì)
測試／测试 (cèshì)
漢語水平考試／汉语水平考试 (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì)
火花試驗／火花试验
牛刀小試／牛刀小试

特種考試／特种考试
甄試／甄试 (zhēnshì)
留學考試／留学考试
畢業考試／毕业考试
疲勞試驗／疲劳试验
發硎新試／发硎新试
監試／监试
石蕊試紙／石蕊试纸 (shíruǐ shìzhǐ)
禮部試／礼部试
秋試／秋试
科試／科试
童子試／童子试
筆試／笔试 (bǐshì)
策試／策试
義試／义试
考試／考试 (kǎoshì)
考試委員／考试委员
考試權／考试权
考試院／考试院 (kǎoshìyuàn)
船模試驗／船模试验
複試／复试 (fùshì)
覆試／覆试
診斷試劑／诊断试剂
試一試／试一试 (shìyīshì)
試兒／试儿
試刀／试刀
試刊／试刊
試劑／试剂 (shìjì)
試印券／试印券
試卷／试卷 (shìjuàn)
試周／试周
試問／试问 (shìwèn)
試圖／试图 (shìtú)
試場／试场 (shìchǎng)
試婚／试婚 (shìhūn)
試官／试官
試工／试工 (shìgōng)
試帖／试帖
試想／试想 (shìxiǎng)
試探／试探 (shìtàn)
試播／试播 (shìbō)
試新／试新
試晬／试晬
試演／试演 (shìyǎn)

試燈／试灯
試片／试片
試產／试产
試用／试用 (shìyòng)
試看／试看 (shìkàn)
試穿／试穿 (shìchuān)
試管／试管 (shìguǎn)
試管動物／试管动物
試管嬰兒／试管婴儿 (shìguǎn yīng'ér)
試紙／试纸 (shìzhǐ)
試腳／试脚
試航／试航 (shìháng)
試藥／试药
試行／试行 (shìxíng)
試試／试试 (shìshi)
試試看／试试看
試車／试车 (shìchē)
試辦／试办 (shìbàn)
試金石／试金石 (shìjīnshí)
試銷／试销
試鏡／试镜 (shìjìng)
試院／试院
試音／试音
試題／试题 (shìtí)
試風頭／试风头
試飛／试飞
試飛員／试飞员
試驗／试验 (shìyàn)
試驗室／试验室
試驗田／试验田
試點／试点 (shìdiǎn)
課試／课试 (kèshì)
赴試／赴试
路試／路试 (lùshì)
躍躍欲試／跃跃欲试 (yuèyuèyùshì)
輕輕試試／轻轻试试
都試／都试
鄉試／乡试 (xiāngshì)
重試／重试 (chóngshì)
銓定考試／铨定考试
院試／院试
面試／面试 (miànshì)
高等考試／高等考试

Japanese

Kanji

試

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

trial
experiment

Readings

Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kun: ためす (tamesu, 試す, Jōyō); こころみる (kokoromiru, 試みる, Jōyō)

Compounds

試(し)合(あい) (shiai)
水(すい)試(し) (suishi)
口(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
試(し)行(こう)錯(さく)誤(ご) (shikōsakugo)
考(こう)試(し) (kōshi)
試(し)用(よう) (shiyō)
試(し)飲(いん) (shiin)
入(にゅう)試(し) (nyūshi)
試(し)験(けん)場(じょう) (shikenjō)
試(し)験(けん) (shiken)
筆(ひっ)試(し) (hisshi)
試(し)行(こう) (shikō)
試(し)製(せい) (shisei)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 試 (MC ɕɨ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(in 試合 and 試驗):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰi]
- Phonetic hangul: [시]
(to test; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource試 (eumhun 시험할 시 (siheomhal si))

Hanja form^? of 시 (“to test; to try”).
Hanja form^? of 시 (“test; trial; examination”).
Hanja form^? of 시 (“experiment”).

Compounds

시험 (試驗, siheom)
시도 (試圖, sido)
입시 (入試, ipsi)
시안 (試案, sian)
응시 (應試, eungsi)
고시 (考試, gosi)
시료 (試料, siryo)
시연 (試演, siyeon)
시련 (試鍊, siryeon)
사시 (司試, sasi)
고시 (高試, gosi)
예시 (豫試, yesi)
추시 (追試, chusi)
시약 (試藥, siyak)
시추 (試錐, sichu)
시굴 (試掘, sigul)
시사 (試寫, sisa)
시승 (試乘, siseung)
시합 (試合, sihap)
면시 (面試, myeonsi)
초시 (初試, chosi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

試: Hán Việt readings: thí[1]
試: Nôm readings: thi[2], thía[2], thử[3]

chữ Hán form of thí (“to experiment”).
Nôm form of thử (“to try, to test something”).
Nôm form of thi (“to take and exam, to compete; exam, trial, competition”).

References

Trần (1999).
Trần (2004).
Hồ (1976).

[Trần_(1999)-1] Trần (1999).

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] Hồ (1976).