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单词 詞
释义

詞

See also: 辭 and 词
詞 U+8A5E, 詞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A5E
← 詝
[U+8A5D]		CJK Unified Ideographs詟 →
[U+8A5F]

Translingual

Han character

詞 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸一口 (YRSMR), four-corner 07620, composition ⿰言司)

References

  • KangXi: page 1156, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35394
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1621, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3957, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A5E

Chinese

trad.詞
simp.词
alternative forms䛐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (司) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
司*slɯ
伺*slɯ, *slɯs
覗*slɯ, *slɯs
笥*slɯ, *slɯs
詞*ljɯ
祠*ljɯ
柌*ljɯ
嗣*ljɯs
孠*ljɯs
飼*ljɯs
呞*hljɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 司 (OC *slɯ).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): cí (ci2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): ci2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цы (cɨ, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ci4
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu3
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ci2
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̀
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): ci1
  • Min Bei (KCR): cǔ
  • Min Dong (BUC): sṳ̀
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): sû / sîr / sî
    (Teochew, Peng'im): se5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zr (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): cr2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
      • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
      • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ2
      • Yale: tsź
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
      • Palladius: цы (cy)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (詞兒／词儿)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cír
      • Zhuyin: ㄘˊㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cíhr
      • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭrh2
      • Yale: tsír
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserl
      • Palladius: цыр (cyr)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩ə̯ɻ³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: ci2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цы (cɨ, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ci4
      • Yale: chìh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi4
      • Guangdong Romanization: qi4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhu3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu²²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ci2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̀
      • Hakka Romanization System: ciiˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ci2
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ci2
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: ci1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǔ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sy⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
      • Tâi-lô: sû
      • Phofsit Daibuun: suu
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su¹³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /su²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîr
      • Tâi-lô: sîr
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî
      • Tâi-lô: sî
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sii
      • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /ɕi²⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: se5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ̂
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɯ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zr (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥z̩²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: cr2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩¹³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
詞
MandarinBeijing/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Harbin/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Tianjin/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁵/
Jinan/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Qingdao/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Xi'an/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Xining/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Lanzhou/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Ürümqi/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Chengdu/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Kunming/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Nanjing/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
Hefei/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Pingyao/t͡sʰz̩¹³/
/sz̩¹³/
Hohhot/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
WuShanghai/zz̩²³/
Suzhou/zz̩¹³/
Hangzhou/d͡zz̩²¹³/
Wenzhou/zz̩³¹/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
Tunxi/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/t͡sz̩¹³/
Xiangtan/d͡zz̩¹²/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰz̩²⁴/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰï¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sʰi²¹/
Nanning/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hong Kong/t͡sʰi²¹/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/su³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/sy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡su²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan)/sɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/si³¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /zɨ/
Rime
Character詞
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)邪 (17)
Final (韻)之 (19)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie似兹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/zɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		/zɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		/zie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/zɨ/
Li
Rong		/ziə/
Wang
Li		/zĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		/zi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		sí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ci4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.lə/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljɯ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character詞
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		cí
Middle
Chinese		‹ zi ›
Old
Chinese		/*sə.lə/
Englishutterance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character詞
Reading #1/1
No.11958
Phonetic
component		司
Rime
group		之
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		詞
Old
Chinese		/*ljɯ/

Definitions

詞

  1. word; term (Classifier: 組／组 m; 個／个) [1900s–]
    詞典／词典  ―  cídiǎn  ―  (word) dictionary
    單詞／单词  ―  dāncí  ―  (distinct) word
    詞語／词语  ―  cíyǔ  ―  word, term
  2. phrase; expression; speech; statement; lyrics
    See also: 辭
  3. (literature) a kind of poetry originating in the Tang dynasty and flourishing during the Song dynasty (Classifier: 首 m)
    Synonym: 詩餘／诗余 (shīyú)
  4. (archaic) function word; particle
  5. † Alternative form of 辭／辞 (cí, “to depart”).

Synonyms

  • 辭／辞 (cí)

Compounds

Derived terms from 詞
  • 詞語／词语 (cíyǔ)
  • 短語／短语 (duǎnyǔ)

References

  • “詞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

詞

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: じ (ji)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ことば (kotoba, 詞)
  • Nanori: ふみ (fumi)

Compounds

Derived terms
  • 歌(か)詞(し) (kashi)
  • 品(ひん)詞(し) (hinshi)
  • 祝詞(のりと) (norito)
  • 合(あ)い詞(ことば) (aikotoba)
  • 名(めい)詞(し) (meishi)
  • 副(ふく)詞(し) (fukushi)
  • 哀(あい)詞(し) (aishi)
  • 動(どう)詞(し) (dōshi)
  • 忌(いみ)詞(ことば) (imikotoba)
  • 格(かく)助(じょ)詞(し) (kakujoshi)
  • 指(し)定(てい)詞(し) (shiteishi)
  • 助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) (jodōshi)
  • 類(るい)別(べつ)詞(し) (ruibetsushi)
  • 懸(かい)詞(ことば) (kaikotoba)
  • 間(かん)投(とう)詞(し) (kantōshi)
  • 形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) (keiyōshi)
  • 形(けい)容(よう)動(どう)詞(し) (keiyōdōshi)
  • 接(せつ)続(ぞく)詞(し) (setsuzokushi)
  • 定(てい)冠(かん)詞(し) (teikanshi)
  • 不(ふ)定(てい)冠(かん)詞(し) (futeikanshi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
詞
ことば
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 詞 – see the following entry.
【言葉ことば】
[noun] a word, a term
[noun] language, speech
Alternative spellings
詞, 辞
(This term, 詞, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
詞
し
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 詞 (MC zɨ).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) し​ [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕi]

Noun

詞(し) • (shi) ←し (si)?

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

詞 (eumhun 말 사 (mal sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“word”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 명사 (名詞, myeongsa, “noun”)
  • 동사 (動詞, dongsa, “verb”)
  • 부사 (副詞, busa, “adverb”)
  • 형용사 (形容詞, hyeong'yongsa, “adjective”)
  • 분사 (分詞, bunsa, “particle”)
  • 관사 (冠詞, gwansa, “article”)
  • 조사 (助詞, josa, “postposition”)
  • 품사 (品詞, pumsa, “part of speech”)
  • 감탄사 (感歎詞, gamtansa, “interjection”)
  • 의문사 (疑問詞, uimunsa, “interrogative”)
  • 헌사 (獻詞, heonsa, “dedication”)
  • 가사 (歌詞, gasa, “lyrics”)
  • 작사 (作詞, jaksa, “lyric writing”)
  • 작사가 (作詞家, jaksaga, “lyricist”)
  • 대사 (臺詞, daesa, “lines”)
  • 명대사 (名臺詞, myeongdaesa, “famous line”)
  • 수사 (數詞, susa, “numeral”)
  • 조사 (弔詞, josa, “eulogy”)
  • 문사 (文詞, munsa, “expression”)

詞 (eumhun 글 사 (geul sa))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

詞: Hán Việt readings: từ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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