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单词 討論
释义

討論

See also: 讨论

Chinese

 
ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand
ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry
 
to talk (about); to discuss; theory
to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
trad. (討論)討論
simp. (讨论)讨论

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǎolùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): tou2 leon6
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thó-lun
  • Min Dong (BUC): tō̤-lâung
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): thó-lūn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): to2 lung6
  • Wu (Wiktionary): thau len (T2)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: tǎolùn
      • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: tǎolùn
      • Wade–Giles: tʻao3-lun4
      • Yale: tǎu-lwùn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taoluenn
      • Palladius: таолунь (taolunʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ lwən⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: tou2 leon6
      • Yale: tóu leuhn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tou2 loen6
      • Guangdong Romanization: tou2 lên6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³⁵ lɵn²²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thó-lun
      • Hakka Romanization System: to` lun
      • Hagfa Pinyim: to3 lun4
      • Sinological IPA: /tʰo³¹ lun⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: tō̤-lâung
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo³³⁻⁵⁵ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó-lūn
      • Tâi-lô: thó-lūn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: toylun
      • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /tʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: to2 lung6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thó lŭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ³⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: thau len (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔ³³ ləɲ⁴⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /tʰɑuX  luən|luənH/
Rime
Character討論論
Reading #1/12/33/3
Initial (聲)透 (6)來 (37)來 (37)
Final (韻)豪 (89)魂 (55)魂 (55)
Tone (調)Rising (X)Level (Ø)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)OpenClosedClosed
Division (等)III
Fanqie他浩切盧昆切盧困切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/tʰɑuX//luən//luənH/
Pan
Wuyun		/tʰɑuX//luon//luonH/
Shao
Rongfen		/tʰɑuX//luən//luənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/tʰawX//lwən//lwənH/
Li
Rong		/tʰɑuX//luən//luənH/
Wang
Li		/tʰɑuX//luən//luənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/tʰɑuX//luən//luənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		tǎolúnlùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		tou2leon4leon6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ʰˤuʔ  [r]ˤu[n]|[r]ˤu[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːʔ  ruːn|ruːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character討論論
Reading #1/12/33/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		tǎolúnlùn
Middle
Chinese		‹ thawX ›‹ lwon ›‹ lwonH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[t]ʰˁuʔ//*[r]ˁu[n]//*[r]ˁu[n]-s/
Englishexamine; denouncediscuss, examinediscussion, discourse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character討論論
Reading #1/11/32/3
No.1237486498656
Phonetic
component		討侖侖
Rime
group		幽文文
Rime
subdivision		122
Corresponding
MC rime		討論論
Old
Chinese		/*tʰuːʔ//*ruːn//*ruːns/
Notes疑肘聲

Verb

討論

  1. to discuss; to talk over
    你可以參與他們的討論。 [MSC, trad.]
    你可以参与他们的讨论。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ cānyù tāmen de tǎolùn. [Pinyin]
    You can join in their discussion.
    他們詳細討論了這件事，結果達成諒解。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们详细讨论了这件事，结果达成谅解。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen xiángxì tǎolùn le zhè jiàn shì, jiéguǒ dáchéng liàngjiě. [Pinyin]
    They discussed the matter in detail, and finally came to an understanding.
    這個討論還是由你來主持。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个讨论还是由你来主持。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège tǎolùn háishì yóu nǐ lái zhǔchí. [Pinyin]
    You had better host this discussion.
  2. (literary, of texts) to edit critically; to examine and rectify a text
    • 子曰：「為命：裨諶草創之，世叔討論之，行人子羽修飾之，東里子產潤色之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      子曰：“为命：裨谌草创之，世叔讨论之，行人子羽修饰之，东里子产润色之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Zǐyuē: “Wéi mìng: Píchén cǎochuàng zhī, Shìshū tǎolùn zhī, xíngrén Zǐyǔ xiūshì zhī, Dōnglǐ Zǐchǎn rùnsè zhī.” [Pinyin]
      The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, Pi Chen first made the rough draft; Shi Shu examined and discussed its contents; Zi Yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Zi Chan of Dong Li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
    • 討論墳典，斷自唐虞以下訖於周。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      讨论坟典，断自唐虞以下讫于周。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: c. 4th century, "Pseudo-Kong Anguo" (偽孔安國), Preface to the Book of Documents (《尚書序》). English translation based on the text by James Legge (1879).
      Tǎolùn Fén Diǎn, duàn zì Tángyú yǐ xià qì yú Zhōu. [Pinyin]
      [He] examined and arranged the old literary monuments and records, deciding to commence with Tang and Yu, and to come down to the times of Zhou.
  3. (literary) to study; to investigate; to research
    • 如討論之，乃虛妄也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      如讨论之，乃虚妄也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
      Rú tǎolùn zhī, nǎi xūwàng yě. [Pinyin]
      But if we get to the bottom of it, we find that all this is illusive.

Synonyms

  • (to discuss):
edit
Synonyms of 討論

Derived terms

  • 研討／研讨 (yántǎo)
  • 討論會／讨论会 (tǎolùnhuì)
  • 討論稿／讨论稿 (tǎolùngǎo)
  • 暢談／畅谈 (chàngtán)
  • 聊天 (liáotiān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (討論):
  • → Japanese: 討論(とうろん) (tōron)
  • → Korean: 토론(討論) (toron)
  • → Vietnamese: thảo luận (討論)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
討論
とう
Grade: 6		ろん
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

    • On’yomi
      • (Tokyo) と​ーろん [tóꜜòròǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
      • IPA(key): [to̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]

    Noun

    討(とう)論(ろん) • (tōron) 

    1. debate
    2. discussion

    Synonyms

    • (debate): ディベート (dibēto), 議(ぎ)論(ろん) (giron), 論(ろん)争(そう) (ronsō)
    • (discussion): 論(ろん)議(ぎ) (rongi)

    Verb

    討(とう)論(ろん)する • (tōron suru) suru (stem 討(とう)論(ろん)し (tōron shi), past 討(とう)論(ろん)した (tōron shita))

    1. to debate
    2. to discuss

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of "討論する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形)討論しとうろんしtōron shi
    Continuative (連用形)討論しとうろんしtōron shi
    Terminal (終止形)討論するとうろんするtōron suru
    Attributive (連体形)討論するとうろんするtōron suru
    Hypothetical (仮定形)討論すれとうろんすれtōron sure
    Imperative (命令形)討論せよ¹
    討論しろ²    		とうろんせよ¹
    とうろんしろ²    		tōron seyo¹
    tōron shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive討論されるとうろんされるtōron sareru
    Causative討論させる
    討論さす    		とうろんさせる
    とうろんさす    		tōron saseru
    tōron sasu
    Potential討論できるとうろんできるtōron dekiru
    Volitional討論しようとうろんしようtōron shiyō
    Negative討論しないとうろんしないtōron shinai
    Negative continuative討論せずとうろんせずtōron sezu
    Formal討論しますとうろんしますtōron shimasu
    Perfective討論したとうろんしたtōron shita
    Conjunctive討論してとうろんしてtōron shite
    Hypothetical conditional討論すればとうろんすればtōron sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    Synonyms

    • (discuss): 話(はな)し合(あ)う (hanashiau)

    References

    1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

    Korean

    Hanja in this term
    討論

    Noun

    討論 • (toron) (hangeul 토론)

    1. Hanja form? of 토론 (“debate, controversy”).

    Vietnamese

    Hán tự in this term
    討論

    Verb

    討論

    1. chữ Hán form of thảo luận (“to discuss”).
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