请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 言
释义

言

See also: 訁 and 讠
言 U+8A00, 言
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A00
← 觿
[U+89FF]		CJK Unified Ideographs訁 →
[U+8A01]
⾔ U+2F94, ⾔
KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH
← ⾓
[U+2F93]		Kangxi Radicals⾕ →
[U+2F95]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese言
Simplified言
Traditional言

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese and Korean (printed forms), the 亠 component on top is written 二 (as found in the Kangxi dictionary). In traditional/simplified Chinese and Vietnamese, the top component is written 丶. In written Japanese, the top component may be written either 一, 丶 or 丨 (small vertical stroke).

Han character

言 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜一一口 (YMMR), four-corner 00601, composition ⿳亠𠄠口(GHTV) or ⿱亖口(JK))

  1. Kangxi radical #149, ⾔.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №56

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/言
  • 信, 唁, 𫭷, 娮, 𡥪, 𢚘, 𣵧, 狺, 𬯂, 這, 𭪐, 𣨌, 𤉘, 𪺞, 琂, 𫀎, 𤯆, 䂴, 𬚝, 𬜇, 𧠻, 𨡄, 𨦼, 䩧, 𬩋, 𪘎
  • 𫑟, 𠟸, 悥, 𬾕, 㝘, 䓂, 𣁎, 䇾, 𦎍, 𨧕, 霅, 𥕔, 㢇, 𡹼, 𤶘, 䴦, 獄, 𧗳, 㯎, 辯, 𠥇, 𠥵, 圁, 燮, 夑, 爕, 𣚞, 𤅗

See also

  • 訁／讠 (yán) (when used as a left Chinese radical).

References

  • KangXi: page 1146, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1612, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3936, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8A00

Chinese

simp. and trad.
言

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 言
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唁*ŋrans
這*ŋrans
言*ŋan
琂*ŋan
圁*ŋrɯn
誾*ŋrɯn
訔*ŋrɯn
狺*ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

Ideogram (指事) : 言 was created by adding a mark to 舌 to indicate movement of the tongue.[1] This indicates speech where 舌 is a mouth (口) with a tongue sticking out.

Shuowen erroneously analyzes the glyph as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 䇂 + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology

According to Schuessler (2007: 74) this word is derived from 語 (OC *ŋaʔ, “to speak”) + -n nominal suffix.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): yán (yan2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): yan2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, II)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jin4
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngun3
  • Gan (Wiktionary): nyien4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngièn / ngiàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngian2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): ie1
  • Min Bei (KCR): ngṳ̂ing
  • Min Dong (BUC): ngiòng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): giân / gân / gên
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngang5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): ienn2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yán
      • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yán
      • Wade–Giles: yen2
      • Yale: yán
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
      • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: yan2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, II)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iæ̃⁵¹/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jin4
      • Yale: yìhn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jin4
      • Guangdong Romanization: yin4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn²¹/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: ngun3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡun²²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: nyien4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯an¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ngian2
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲian¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: ie1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̂ing
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyiŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiòng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋyoŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giân
      • Tâi-lô: giân
      • Phofsit Daibuun: gieen
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɡiɛn²⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɛn²³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gân
      • Tâi-lô: gân
      • Phofsit Daibuun: gaan
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡan¹³/
    • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gên
      • Tâi-lô: gên
      • Phofsit Daibuun: geen
      • IPA (Hui'an): /ɡen²⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ngang5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hhi (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦi²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ienn2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iẽ¹³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
言
MandarinBeijing/iɛn³⁵/
Harbin/ian²⁴/
Tianjin/ian⁴⁵/
Jinan/iã⁴²/
Qingdao/iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou/ian⁴²/
Xi'an/iã²⁴/
Xining/iã²⁴/
Yinchuan/ian⁵³/
Lanzhou/iɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi/ian⁵¹/
Wuhan/iɛn²¹³/
Chengdu/ian³¹/
Guiyang/ian²¹/
Kunming/iɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing/ien²⁴/
Hefei/iĩ⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/ie¹¹/
Pingyao/ȵie̞¹³/
Hohhot/ie³¹/
WuShanghai/ɦi²³/
Suzhou/ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou/ȵi³¹/
HuiShexian/ne⁴⁴/
Tunxi/ȵiɛ⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/iẽ¹³/
Xiangtan/ȵiẽ¹²/
GanNanchang/ȵiɛn⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/ŋian¹¹/
Taoyuan/ŋien¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/jin²¹/
Nanning/jin²¹/
Hong Kong/jin²¹/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/gian³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/ŋyoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/ŋyiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan)/ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/ŋin³¹/
/ŋin²¹³/ 俗
/kɔŋ²¹³/ 訓講
  • Middle Chinese: /ŋɨɐn/
Rime
Character言
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)疑 (31)
Final (韻)元 (65)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie語軒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ŋɨɐn/
Pan
Wuyun		/ŋiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen		/ŋiɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ŋɨan/
Li
Rong		/ŋiɐn/
Wang
Li		/ŋĭɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jin4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋa[n]/, /*ŋa[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character言言言言
Reading #1/42/43/44/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		yányányányán
Middle
Chinese		‹ ngjon ›‹ ngjon ›‹ ngjon ›‹ ngjon ›
Old
Chinese		/*ŋa[n]//*ŋa[n]//*ŋa[n]//*ŋa[r]/
English(a particle)I, wespeak; speechtall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character言
Reading #1/1
No.14271
Phonetic
component		言
Rime
group		元
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		言
Old
Chinese		/*ŋan/

Definitions

言

  1. to say; to speak; to talk
    言語／言语  ―  yányu  ―  to speak; to tell
    三思而後言／三思而后言 [Classical Chinese]  ―  sānsī ér hòu yán [Pinyin]  ―  Think before you speak.
  2. to discuss; to comment
  3. to state; to describe; to explain
  4. to write down; to record
  5. to ask; to inquire
  6. to inform; to tell; to let know
  7. spoken language; speech
    語言／语言  ―  yǔyán  ―  language
    諾言／诺言  ―  nuòyán  ―  promise
    發言／发言  ―  fāyán  ―  to make a speech
    謠言／谣言  ―  yáoyán  ―  fabricated rumor
    洋洋萬言／洋洋万言  ―  yángyángwànyán  ―  to be very lengthy (of an article, essay)
    我能留個言嗎？／我能留个言吗？  ―  Wǒ néng liú ge yán ma?  ―  Can I leave a message?
  8. opinion; view; perspective
  9. words; language appropriate to the occasion
  10. proposal; idea; plan
  11. government decree; order
  12. character; word
  13. sentence; writing; works
  14. † A meaningless sentence-initial mood particle.
    • 陟彼南山，言采其蕨 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      zhì bǐ nán shān, yán cǎi qí jué [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  15. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)說, 道 literary
MandarinBeijing說
Taiwan說, 講
Tianjin說
Jinan說
Xi'an說
Wuhan說
Chengdu說
Guilin講
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)講
Hefei講
Malaysia說, 講
Singapore說, 講
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)說
Pematangsiantar講
CantoneseGuangzhou講, 話
Hong Kong講, 話
Macau講, 話
Zhongshan (Shiqi)講, 話
Zhuhai (Doumen)講
Taishan話
Taishan (Guanghai)講
Yunfu話
Yangjiang講, 話
Beihai講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)講
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)講
Danzhou講
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)講, 話
Penang (Guangfu)講, 話
Singapore (Guangfu)講, 話
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)講
Móng Cái講
Mandalay (Taishan)講
GanNanchang話
HakkaMeixian講, 話
Wuhua (Meilin)講
Miaoli (N. Sixian)講
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)講
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)講
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)講
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)講
Hong Kong講
Kuching (Hepo)講
Singapore (Dabu)講
HuizhouJixi講
JinTaiyuan說
Min BeiJian'ou話
Min DongFuzhou講
Fuqing講
Singapore (Fuqing)講
Min NanXiamen講
Xiamen (Tong'an)講
Quanzhou說
Jinjiang說
Shishi說, 講
Zhangzhou講
Zhao'an呾, 講
Dongshan講
Taipei講
Kaohsiung講
Tainan講
Penang (Hokkien)講
Singapore (Hokkien)講
Manila (Hokkien)說, 講
Chaozhou呾
Raoping呾
Shantou呾
Shantou (Chenghai)呾
Shantou (Chaoyang)呾
Jieyang呾
Lufeng講
Haifeng講
Phnom Penh (Teochew)呾
Singapore (Teochew)呾
Pontianak (Teochew)呾
Leizhou講
Wenchang講
Haikou講
Qionghai講
Singapore (Hainanese)講
Puxian MinPutian講
Southern PinghuaBinyang講, 說
WuShanghai講
Suzhou講, 說
Hangzhou說, 話, 講
Hangzhou (Yuhang)講, 話
Ningbo講, 話
Wenzhou講
XiangChangsha講
Xiangtan講
Xiangxiang講
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao)講
Shuangfeng曰, 講

Compounds

Derived terms from 言

References

  1. http://www.guoxuedashi.net/kangxi/pic.php?f=zihui&p=167

Japanese

Kanji

言

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to say
  2. speech

Readings

  • Go-on: ごん (gon, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
  • Kun: こと (koto, 言, Jōyō); いう (iu, 言う, Jōyō)←いふ (ifu, historical); ことば (kotoba, 言)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 箴(しん)言(げん) (shingen, “proverb”), 箴(しん)言(げん) (Shingen, “Proverbs”)
  • 諛(ゆ)言(げん) (yugen, “flattering words”)
  • 悪(あっ)口(こう)雑(ぞう)言(ごん) (akkōzōgon)
  • 伝(でん)言(ごん) (dengon)
  • 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo)
  • 言(ごん)上(じょう) (gonjō)
  • 方(ほう)言(げん) (hōgen)
  • 暴(ぼう)言(げん) (bōgen)
  • 無(む)言(ごん) (mugon), 無(む)言(げん) (mugen)
  • 遺(ゆい)言(ごん) (yuigon), 遺(い)言(ごん) (igon)
  • 明(めい)言(げん) (meigen)
  • 宣(せん)言(げん) (sengen)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
言
げん
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 言 (MC ŋɨɐn, “speech”).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Kan’on
    • (Tokyo) げ​ん [géꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2][3]
    • IPA(key): [ɡẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

言(げん) • (gen) 

  1. word
  2. (linguistics) parole
Synonyms
  • (parole): パロール (parōru)
Antonyms
  • (parole): 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
言
こと
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 事 (koto, “thing”).[4]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) こと​ [kòtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ko̞to̞]

Noun

言(こと) • (koto) 

  1. word

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 言 (MC ŋɨɐn).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅥᆫ (Yale: ngen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 언 (en) (Yale: en) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [언]

Hanja

Wikisource言 (eumhun 말씀 언 (malsseum eon))

  1. Hanja form? of 언 (“word”).
  2. Hanja form? of 언 (“speech”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 언어 (言語, eoneo)
  • 언행 (言行, eonhaeng)
  • 언론 (言論, eollon)
  • 발언 (發言, bareon)
  • 선언 (宣言, seoneon)
  • 언급 (言及, eon'geup)
  • 증언 (證言, jeung'eon)
  • 망언 (妄言, mang'eon)
  • 격언 (格言, gyeogeon)
  • 화편 (花片, hwapyeon)
  • 언동 (言動, eondong)
  • 대언 (對言, daeeon)
  • 폭언 (暴言, pogeon)
  • 전언 (傳言, jeoneon)
  • 조언 (助言, jo'eon)
  • 언중 (言衆, eonjung)
  • 허언 (虛言, heo'eon)
  • 언사 (言辭, eonsa)
  • 언약 (言約, eonyak)
  • 유언 (遺言, yueon)
  • 잠언 (箴言, jameon)
  • 눌언 (訥言, nureon)
  • 공언 (公言, gong'eon)
  • 고언 (苦言, go'eon)
  • 이언 (俚言, ieon)
  • 확언 (確言, hwageon)
  • 오언 (五言, o'eon)
  • 진언 (眞言, jineon)
  • 제언 (提言, jeeon)
  • 명언 (名言, myeong'eon)
  • 부언 (浮言, bueon)
  • 좌언 (左言, jwa'eon)
  • 예언 (豫言, yeeon)
  • 호언 (豪言, ho'eon)
  • 단언 (端言, daneon)
  • 언변 (言辯, eonbyeon)
  • 정언 (正言, jeong'eon)
  • 창언 (昌言, chang'eon)
  • 가언 (嘉言, ga'eon)
  • 언설 (言舌, eonseol)
  • 간언 (諫言, ganeon)
  • 방언 (方言, bang'eon)
  • 언쟁 (言爭, eonjaeng)
  • 언필칭 (言必稱, eonpilching)
  • 가언판단 (假言判斷, ga'eonpandan)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 誾 (MC ŋˠiɪn).

Hanja

言 (eumhun 심사화평할 은 (simsahwapyeonghal eun))

  1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 은 (“peaceful demeanor”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 은은 (言言, euneun)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

言

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to say
  2. speech

Readings

  • Kun: くとぅ (kutu, 言), っいゅん ('yun, 言ゅん)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 言葉 (くとぅば) (kutuba, “word”)

Noun

言 (hiragana くとぅ, rōmaji kutu)

  1. word

Vietnamese

Han character

言: Hán Nôm readings: ngôn, ngỏn, ngộn, ngổn, ngồn, ngủn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
随便看

　

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/8/6 22:41:36