親友

親友

See also: 亲友

Chinese

		dear; intimate; parent dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring	friend
trad. (親友)		親	友
simp. (亲友)		亲	友

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qīnyǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ ㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ jau⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-yû
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhin-iú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ iu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qīnyǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cinyǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-yu³
    • Yale: chīn-yǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinyeou
    • Palladius: цинью (cinʹju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: can¹ jau⁵
    • Yale: chān yáuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ jau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ yeo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: qin´ iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯u²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: qin´ (r)iu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-iú
    • Tâi-lô: tshin-iú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chin'iuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³ iu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ iu⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cing¹ iu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing iú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ iu⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiɪn  ɦɨu^X/

Rime
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七人切	云久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪn/	/ɦɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjen/	/ɣiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰin/	/ɦuwX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiĕn/	/ɣiuX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕn/	/ɣĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/	/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	can1	jau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n]  [ɢ]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰin  ɢʷɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ tshin ›	‹ hjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]i[n]/	/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English	close; parents	friend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	親	友
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	13804	15596
Phonetic component	辛	又
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	親	有
Old Chinese	/*sʰin/	/*ɢʷɯʔ/
Notes	說文親（同榛）聲

Noun

親友

1. (collective) friends and relatives
2. (Classical Chinese) close friend

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親友):

• → Japanese: 親友(しんゆう) (shin'yū)
• → Korean: 친우(親友) (chinu)
• → Vietnamese: thân hữu (親友)

Verb

親友

1. (Classical Chinese) to get close to

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	友
しん Grade: 2	ゆう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) しんゆう [shìń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

親(しん)友(ゆう) • (shin'yū) 

1. close friend, bosom buddy
   • 1987 March 20 [Feb 20 1987], Fujiko Fujio, “テレパ椎(しい) [Telepathinkapin]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), volume 1 (fiction), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 386:

     おれたちや親友だな！そうだな
     そうだ　そうだ

     Ore-tachi ya shin’yū da na! Sō da na
     Sō da Sō da

     We are bosom buddies! Yes, we are.
     Yes, we are. Yes, we are.

2. crony, chum

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
親	友

Noun

親友 • (chinu) (hangeul 친우)

1. Hanja form^? of 친우 (“friend; best friend”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
親	友

Noun

親友

1. chữ Hán form of thân hữu (“relative; friends”).