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单词 親
释义

親

See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9]		CJK Unified Ideographs覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual

Japanese親
Simplified亲
Traditional親

Han character

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters

  • 儭(𠋆), 𫥝(𫥔), 嚫, 𡤅, 𭣋, 瀙, 𮥰, 𮍊, 櫬(榇), 𥗒, 襯, 𧭼, 䞋(𫎪), 𮜪, 𮜽, 𨯦, 寴, 藽, 𥨾
  • 亲 (Simplified Chinese)

References

  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese

trad.親
simp.亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁
𡪔
𢾉
媇
𧡘
𡩁
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 親
Western ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親*sʰin, *sʰins
寴*sʰin, *sʰins
儭*sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙*sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛*siŋ
新*siŋ
薪*siŋ
襯*sʰrins
櫬*sʰrins
嚫*t͡sʰrinh
莘*sriŋ
騂*seŋ
垶*seŋ
觪*seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins) : phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīn (qin1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): can1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tin1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): qin1
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn
  • Min Dong (BUC): chĭng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiⁿ / chheⁿ / chhin
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cing1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): qin (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zin1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
      • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cin
      • Wade–Giles: chʻin1
      • Yale: chīn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
      • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: can1
      • Yale: chān
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsan1
      • Guangdong Romanization: cen1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: tin1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰin³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: qin1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn
      • Hakka Romanization System: qin´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: qin1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tshinn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
      • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰĩ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tshenn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin
      • Tâi-lô: tshin
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chyn
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhin - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cing1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: qin (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰɪɲ⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zin1
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /t͡sin³³/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡ɕin³³/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiɪn/
Rime
Character親
Reading #1/2
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)眞 (43)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie七人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		qīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		can1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character親
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		qīn
Middle
Chinese		‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese		/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
Englishclose; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character親
Reading #1/2
No.13804
Phonetic
component		辛
Rime
group		眞
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		親
Old
Chinese		/*sʰin/
Notes說文親（同榛）聲
Definitions

親

  1. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  2. parent(s); father and/or mother
  3. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  4. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  5. marriage; matrimony
  6. to be close to; to become intimate with
  7. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
    今以汝為親魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
    今以汝为亲魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
    From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
    Jīn yǐ rǔ wéi qīn wèi wō wáng. [Pinyin]
    You [Himiko] shall be the Ruler of Wa, Friendly to Wei.
  8. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  9. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  10. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  11. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  12. accurate; true
  13. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
  14. (Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  15. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”).
  16. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)吻, 親, 親吻
MandarinBeijing吻, 親
Taiwan吻, 親
Yantai (Muping)親
Wanrong親
Xi'an親
Yangzhou親
Singapore吻, 親
CantoneseGuangzhou惜, 啜, 痛
Hong Kong惜, 啜, 嘴
Taishan啜
Dongguan啜
Singapore (Guangfu)惜
HakkaMeixian唚
Miaoli (N. Sixian)唚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)唚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)唚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)唚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)唚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)唚
JinTaiyuan親
Xinzhou親
Min BeiJian'ou蜜
Songxi鼻
Zhenghe蜜
Jianyang蜜
Wuyishan敕
Pucheng (Shibei)鼻
Min DongFuzhou唚
Min NanXiamen唚
Xiamen (Tong'an)唚
Quanzhou唚
Shishi唚
Zhangzhou唚
Tainan唚
Penang (Hokkien)唚
Singapore (Hokkien)唚
Manila (Hokkien)唚
Chaozhou唚
Shantou唚
Singapore (Teochew)唚
Haikou惜
WuShanghai香
Shanghai (Chongming)香
Suzhou香
Hangzhou香
Ningbo親
Compounds
Derived terms from 親

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qìng (qing4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): can3
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn
  • Min Dong (BUC): chĭng
  • Min Nan (POJ): chhin / chheng
  • Wu (Wiktionary): qin (T1)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: qìng
      • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cìng
      • Wade–Giles: chʻing4
      • Yale: chìng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq
      • Palladius: цин (cin)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: can3
      • Yale: chan
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsan3
      • Guangdong Romanization: cen3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐn³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn
      • Hakka Romanization System: qin´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: qin1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin
      • Tâi-lô: tshin
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chyn
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Kinmen): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Lukang): /t͡ɕʰin³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Sanxia)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng
      • Tâi-lô: tshing
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhefng
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: qin (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰɪɲ⁵³/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰiɪnH/
Rime
Character親
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)眞 (43)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie七遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		can3
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰins/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character親
Reading #2/2
No.13806
Phonetic
component		辛
Rime
group		眞
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		親
Old
Chinese		/*sʰins/
Definitions

親

  1. Only used in 親家／亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.
Compounds
Derived terms from 親

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
(This character, 親, is a variant form of 嚫.)

References

  • “親”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings

  • Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おや (oya, 親, Jōyō); したしい (shitashii, 親しい, Jōyō); したしむ (shitashimu, 親しむ, Jōyō); みずから (mizukara, 親ら)
  • Nanori: ぎ (gi); ちか (chika); のり (nori)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 両(りょう)親(しん) (ryōshin, “parents”)
  • 親(おや)子(こ) (oyako, “parent and child”)
  • 親(おや)父(じ) (oyaji, “an old man”)
  • 親(おや)潮(しお) (oyashio, “Oyashio Current”)
  • 親(おや)指(ゆび) (oyayubi, “a thumb”)
  • 親(しん)愛(あい) (shin'ai, “deep affection”)
  • 親(しん)戚(せき) (shinseki, “relative”)
  • 親(しん)切(せつ) (shinsetsu, “kindness, helpfulness, friendliness; kind, helpful”)
  • 親(しん)善(ぜん) (shinzen, “friendship, goodwill”)
  • 親(しん)日(にち) (shinnichi, “pro-Japanese”)
  • 親(しん)睦(ぼく) (shinboku, “friendship, amicability”)
  • 親(しん)身(み) (shinmi, “relation, kin”)
  • 親(しん)密(みつ) (shinmitsu, “intimacy, closeness; intime, close”)
  • 親(しん)友(ゆう) (shin'yū, “close friend, bosom buddy”)
  • 親(しん)類(るい) (shinrui, “relative, kin”)
  • 親(しん)王(のう) (shinnō)
  • 親(おや)方(かた) (oyakata)
  • 親等

Etymology

Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
祖

From Old Japanese.[1] Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) おや​ [òyáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4][5]
  • IPA(key): [o̞ja̠]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

親(おや) • (oya) 

  1. [from 720] a parent
    • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko Fujio, “世界名作童話第１巻, みにくいアヒルの子 [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 1: The Ugly Duckling]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子・F・不二雄のSF短編; 2), volume 2 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 112:
      ぼくのほんとのおやはだれかしら。
      Boku no honto no oya wa dare kashira.
      What are my real parents like?
  2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
  4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
    Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
  6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears

Idioms

Derived terms
  • 親(おや)の心(こころ)子(こ)知(し)らず (oya no kokoro ko shirazu): “the child doesn't know the parent's heart” → the child doesn't know the pain they cause their parents
  • 親(おや)の光(ひかり)は七(なな)光(ひかり) (oya no hikari wa nana hikari): “a parent's bright light is seven bright lights” → a parent's social standing can be a huge influence on a person as they come into adulthood

References

  1. “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 親 (MC t͡sʰiɪn, t͡sʰiɪnH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

  1. Hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”).
  2. Hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 친애 (親愛, chinae)
  • 친가 (親家, chin'ga)
  • 친감 (親監, chin'gam)
  • 친교 (親交, chin'gyo)
  • 친구 (親舊, chin'gu)
  • 친권 (親權, chin'gwon)
  • 친근 (親近, chin'geun)
  • 친목 (親睦, chinmok)
  • 친밀 (親密, chinmil)
  • 친분 (親分, chinbun)
  • 친서 (親書, chinseo)
  • 천선 (親善, cheonseon)
  • 친속 (親屬, chinsok)
  • 친숙 (親熟, chinsuk)
  • 친일 (親日, chinil)
  • 친자 (親子, chinja)
  • 친절 (親切, chinjeol)
  • 친정 (親庭, chinjeong)
  • 친정 (親征, chinjeong)
  • 친족 (親族, chinjok)
  • 친지 (親知, chinji)
  • 친척 (親戚, chincheok)
  • 친형 (親兄, chinhyeong)
  • 친화 (親和, chinhwa)
  • 극친 (極親, geukchin)
  • 근친 (近親, geunchin)
  • 돈친 (敦親, donchin)
  • 망친 (亡親, mangchin)
  • 모친 (母親, mochin)
  • 부친 (父親, buchin)
  • 삼친 (三親, samchin)
  • 양친 (兩親, yangchin)
  • 엄친 (嚴親, eomchin)
  • 족친 (族親, jokchin)
  • 종친 (宗親, jongchin)
  • 친밀감 (親密感, chinmilgam)
  • 친삼촌 (親三寸, chinsamchon)
  • 친손녀 (親孫女, chinsonnyeo)
  • 친손자 (親孫子, chinsonja)
  • 친자식 (親子息, chinjasik)
  • 친형제 (親兄弟, chinhyeongje)
  • 방친영 (房親迎, bangchinyeong)
  • 사친회 (師親會, sachinhoe)
  • 위친계 (爲親契, wichin'gye)
  • 등화가친 (燈火可親, deunghwagachin)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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