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单词 複
释义

複

See also: 复 and 復
複 U+8907, 複
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8907
← 褆
[U+8906]		CJK Unified Ideographs褈 →
[U+8908]

Translingual

Han character

複 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 中人日水 (LOAE), four-corner 38247, composition ⿰衤复)

Derived characters

  • 𥵩

References

  • KangXi: page 1120, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34417
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1587, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3103, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8907

Chinese

trad.複
simp.复*
alternative forms𧜰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 複
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎*brɯɡ
鍑*puɡs, *puɡ
覆*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復*buɡs, *buɡ
椱*buɡs, *buɡ
複*buɡs, *puɡ
馥*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹*puɡ
輹*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮*pʰuɡ
蕧*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复*buɡ
鰒*buɡ
澓*buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *buɡs, *puɡ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “to return”) – lined garment.

Etymology

Cognate with 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ, “to return; again”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over; to overturn”) is an aspiration causative/iterative form of 複 (OC *puɡ), hence literally "to make something double over".

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fù (fu4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk1
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
  • Min Bei (KCR): hŭ
  • Min Dong (BUC): hók / bô
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok / ho̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hog4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
      • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
      • Wade–Giles: fu4
      • Yale: fù
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
      • Palladius: фу (fu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: fuk1
      • Yale: fūk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk7
      • Guangdong Romanization: fug1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /fʊk̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
      • Hakka Romanization System: fug
      • Hagfa Pinyim: fug6
      • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /xu²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: hók / bô
      • Sinological IPA (key): /houʔ²⁴/, /pou²⁴²/
Note:
  • hók - literary;
  • bô - vernacular "again".
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
      • Tâi-lô: hok
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hog
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
      • Tâi-lô: ho̍k
      • Phofsit Daibuun: hok
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hog4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hok̚²/
  • Middle Chinese: /bɨuH/, /pɨuk̚/
Rime
Character複複
Reading #1/22/2
Initial (聲)並 (3)幫 (1)
Final (韻)尤 (136)東 (4)
Tone (調)Departing (H)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)OpenOpen
Division (等)IIIIII
Fanqie扶富切方六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/bɨuH//pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/biuH//piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/biəuH//piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/buwH//puwk̚/
Li
Rong		/biuH//piuk̚/
Wang
Li		/bĭəuH//pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/bʱi̯ə̯uH//pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		fòufu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		fau6fuk1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)uk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/, /*puɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character複
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		fù
Middle
Chinese		‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese		/*p(r)uk/
Englishdouble, lined (garment)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character複複
Reading #1/22/2
No.35393544
Phonetic
component		复复
Rime
group		奧覺
Rime
subdivision		11
Corresponding
MC rime		復福
Old
Chinese		/*buɡs//*puɡ/

Definitions

複

  1. (literary) lined garment
  2. to repeat; to double; to overlap
  3. duplicate; double; overlapping
  4. complex
  5. again
    複檢／复检  ―  fùjiǎn  ―  to double-check

Compounds

Derived terms from 複

Japanese

Kanji

複

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かさねる (kasaneru, 複ねる); ふたたび (futatabi, 複)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
複
ふく
Grade: 5
on’yomi
  • 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen, “duopoly”)
  • 複雑(ふくざつ) (fukuzatsu)

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) ふく​ [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

複(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. Short for 複試合.
  2. Short for 複勝式.

Prefix

複(ふく) • (fuku-) 

  1. diplo-, double

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC pɨuk̚).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 복 (gyeopchil bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”).

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC bɨuH).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 부 (gyeopchil bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”).

Vietnamese

Han character

複: Hán Nôm readings: phức

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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