製

See also: 制

製	U+88FD, 製 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88FD

← 裼
[U+88FC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

裾 →
[U+88FE]

Translingual

Han character

製 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓卜竹女 (HNYHV), four-corner 2273₂, composition ⿱制衣)

References

KangXi: page 1119, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34380

Dae Jaweon: page 1586, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3095, character 12

Unihan data for U+88FD

Chinese

trad.		製
simp.		制^*
alternative forms		制𧚳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (制) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
制	*kjeds
淛	*kjeds
製	*kjeds
掣	kʰjeds, kʰjed
痸	*kʰjeds
猘	*kreds

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjeds) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds, “to cut out; to make”) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ
Min Dong (BUC): cié
Min Nan (POJ): chè / chì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zai³
  - Yale: jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì
  - Tâi-lô: tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi²¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇi^H/

Rime
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	征例切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*kjeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tet-s/
English	cut out (a garment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	製
Reading #	1/1
No.	17379
Phonetic component	制
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	制
Old Chinese	/*kjeds/

Definitions

製

to make; to manufacture; to produce
製造／制造 ― zhìzào ― to manufacture
自製／自制 ― zìzhì ― to make by oneself
日本製商品／日本制商品 ― Rìběn zhì shāngpǐn ― goods manufactured in Japan
to cut out
縫製／缝制 ― féngzhì ― to sew; to make (clothes)

Compounds

Derived terms from 製

乳製品／乳制品 (rǔzhìpǐn)
仿製／仿制 (fǎngzhì)
仿製品／仿制品 (fǎngzhìpǐn)
依法炮製／依法炮制
內製作／内制作
再製紙／再制纸
再製鹽／再制盐
半製品／半制品 (bànzhìpǐn)
印製／印制 (yìnzhì)
土製／土制 (tǔzhì)
壓製／压制 (yāzhì)
大製作／大制作
如法泡製／如法泡制
如法炮製／如法炮制 (rúfǎpáozhì)
御製／御制 (yùzhì)
打製／打制
承製／承制 (chéngzhì)
提製／提制
攝製／摄制 (shèzhì)
木製／木制 (mùzhì)
浸製／浸制
炮製／炮制 (páozhì)
烘製／烘制
煉製／炼制
照相製版／照相制版
熏製／熏制
特製／特制 (tèzhì)

玄製／玄制
生物製劑／生物制剂 (shēngwù zhìjì)
皮製品／皮制品
監製／监制 (jiānzhì)
石製／石制
研製／研制 (yánzhì)
禁製品／禁制品 (jìnzhìpǐn)
粗製／粗制
粗製品／粗制品
粗製濫造／粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
精製／精制 (jīngzhì)
統計製圖／统计制图
編製／编制 (biānzhì)
縫製／缝制 (féngzhì)
繪製／绘制 (huìzhì)
自製／自制 (zìzhì)
裁製／裁制 (cáizhì)
製件／制件
製作／制作 (zhìzuò)
製作人／制作人 (zhìzuòrén)
製備／制备
製品／制品 (zhìpǐn)
製圖／制图 (zhìtú)
製圖尺／制图尺
製圖板／制图板
製圖桌／制图桌

製坯／制坯
製定／制定
製成／制成 (zhìchéng)
製材／制材
製法／制法 (zhìfǎ)
製片／制片 (zhìpiàn)
製版／制版 (zhìbǎn)
製藥／制药 (zhìyào)
製造／制造 (zhìzào)
製造品／制造品
製造商／制造商 (zhìzàoshāng)
製造業／制造业 (zhìzàoyè)
複製／复制 (fùzhì)
複製品／复制品 (fùzhìpǐn)
訂製／订制 (dìngzhì)
調製／调制 (tiáozhì)
趕製／赶制
軋製／轧制
配製／配制 (pèizhì)
醃製／腌制 (yānzhì)
釀製／酿制 (niàngzhì)
錄製／录制 (lùzhì)
錦囊佳製／锦囊佳制
陶土製品／陶土制品
音像製品／音像制品
體製／体制

Japanese

Kanji

製

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せ (se)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kun: たつ (tatsu, 製つ); つくる (tsukuru, 製る)

Compounds

自家製(じかせい) (jikasei): home-made
製作(せいさく) (seisaku): manufacture, production
製造(せいぞう) (seizō): manufacturing
製品(せいひん) (seihin): product, manufactured good
石製(せきせい) (sekisei): stonen
銅製(どうせい) (dōsei): coppern
和製(わせい) (wasei): Japanese-made

Kanji in this term
製
せい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 製 (tsyej^H).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) せー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

Noun

製(せい) • (sei)

make

Suffix

製(せい) • (-sei)

-made
日本(にほん)製(せい)
Nihon-sei
made in Japan
made of
木(もく)製(せい)
mokusei
made of wood, wooden

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

製 (eumhun 지을 제 (jieul je))

Hanja form^? of 제 (“build; make”).

Compounds

제작 (製作, jejak, “production”)
제조 (製造, jejo, “manufacturing”)
제과점 (製菓店, jegwajeom, “bakery”)
제빵 (製-, jeppang, “baking”)
제빵사 (製-師, jeppangsa, “baker”)
제빵기 (製-師, jeppanggi, “breadmaker”)
특제 (特製, teukje, “specially made”)

Vietnamese

Han character

製: Hán Nôm readings: chế, chẽ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN