被

被	U+88AB, 被 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88AB

← 袪
[U+88AA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

袬 →
[U+88AC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

被 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中木竹水 (LDHE), four-corner 3424₇, composition ⿰衤皮)

References

KangXi: page 1115, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34222

Dae Jaweon: page 1580, character 26

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3085, character 11

Unihan data for U+88AB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		被

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
陂	pral, prals
詖	pral, prals
彼	*pralʔ
柀	*pralʔ
佊	pralʔ, prals
貱	*prals
跛	prals, paːlʔ
披	pʰral, pʰralʔ
鈹	*pʰral
帔	pʰral, pʰrals
鮍	*pʰral
耚	*pʰral
狓	*pʰral
翍	*pʰral
旇	pʰral, brals
秛	pʰral, pʰrals
紴	pʰralʔ, paːl
皮	*bral
疲	*bral
被	bralʔ, brals
髲	*brals
鞁	*brals
骳	*mbralʔ
波	*paːl
碆	paːl, baːl
菠	*paːl
簸	paːlʔ, paːls
駊	paːlʔ, pʰaːlʔ
頗	pʰaːl, pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡	*pʰaːl
玻	*pʰaːl
破	*pʰaːls
婆	*baːl
蔢	*baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bralʔ, *brals) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Etymology

Cognate with 披 (OC *pʰral, *pʰralʔ). The meaning of passive marker is an extension of "to wear; to be covered by something".

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phî
(Meixian, Guangdong): pi¹
Min Dong (BUC): puôi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phē / phěr / phōe / phēr / phě
(Teochew, Peng'im): puê⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): bi (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴
  - Yale: bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei⁵
  - Yale: péih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯¹³/

Note: colloquial reading.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phî
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁴⁴/

Note: colloquial reading.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰui²⁴²/

Note: colloquial reading.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phē
  - Tâi-lô: phē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phe
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phěr
  - Tâi-lô: phěr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰə²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phōe
  - Tâi-lô: phuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰue²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /pʰue³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phēr
  - Tâi-lô: phēr
  - IPA (Lukang): /pʰə³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /pʰə²²/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phě
  - Tâi-lô: phě
  - IPA (Philippines): /pʰe³³/

Note: colloquial reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: puê⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰue³⁵/

Note: colloquial reading.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: bi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥i²³/

Note: colloquial reading.

Middle Chinese: /bˠiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	被
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	皮彼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/bje^X/
Wang Li	/bǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/, /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*bralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被	被
Reading #	1/4	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bje^X ›	‹ bje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/	/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English	coverlet	cover (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	被
Reading #	1/2
No.	9713
Phonetic component	皮
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	被
Old Chinese	/*bralʔ/

Definitions

被

bedding; quilt; blanket (Classifier: 張／张 c; 領／领 mn)
被子 ― bèizi ― quilt
被褥 ― bèirù ― bedding, bedclothes
墊被／垫被 ― diànbèi ― mattress
^† to cover

Synonyms

(quilt):

edit

衾 (qīn) (literary)
被仔 (Min Nan)

被子 (bèizi)

被頭／被头 (bèitóu) (regional)

Dialectal synonyms of 被子 (“quilt”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		被, 衾 large
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被子
Mandarin	Beijing	被, 被窩／被窝
	Taiwan	被子
	Langfang	被窩／被窝
	Tangshan	被子
	Cangzhou	被
	Baoding	被窩／被窝
	Shijiazhuang	被子
	Daming	蓋地／盖地
	Jinan	被窩／被窝
	Xi'an	被兒／被儿
	Wuhan	被窩／被窝, 鋪蓋／铺盖
	Chengdu	鋪蓋／铺盖
	Guilin	被子
	Pingle	被子, 被窩／被窝
	Luzhai	被子, 被窩／被窝
	Nanning (Wuming)	被子, 棉被
	Binyang (Nanjie)	棉被
	Yizhou	被子, 棉被
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	被窩／被窝, 被子
	Tianlin (Langping)	鋪蓋／铺盖
	Yangzhou	被窩／被窝, 被子
	Hefei	被單／被单, 被窩／被窝
	Malaysia	被
	Singapore	被
Cantonese	Guangzhou	被
	Hong Kong	被
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	被
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	被
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	棉被
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	棉被
	Macau	被
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	被
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	被
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	被
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	被
	Foshan	被
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	被
	Foshan (Shunde)	被
	Foshan (Sanshui)	被
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	被
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	被
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	被
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	被
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	被
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	被
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	被
	Taishan	被
	Kaiping (Chikan)	被
	Enping (Niujiang)	被
	Heshan (Yayao)	被
	Dongguan	被
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	被
	Yangjiang	被
	Wuzhou	被, 棉被
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	被
	Hepu (Shatian)	被
	Baise	被
	Qinzhou	被, 棉被
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	被
	Beihai	被
	Beihai (Nankang)	被
	Beihai (Yingpan)	被
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	被
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	被
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	被
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	被
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	被
	Móng Cái	被
Gan	Nanchang	被窩／被窝
Hakka	Meixian	被
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	被
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	被
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	被
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	棉被
	Conghua (Lütian)	被
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	被
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	被
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	被
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	被
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	被
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	被
	Hong Kong	被
	Senai (Huiyang)	被
	Kuching (Hepo)	被
Jin	Taiyuan	被兒／被儿, 被子
	Xinzhou	蓋地／盖地
	Zhangjiakou	蓋窩／盖窝
	Handan	蓋地／盖地
Min Bei	Jian'ou	被
Min Dong	Fuzhou	被
Min Nan	Xiamen	被, 被仔
	Quanzhou	被
	Zhangzhou	被, 被仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	被
	Manila (Hokkien)	被
	Chaozhou	被
	Shantou	被
	Jieyang	被
	Bangkok (Teochew)	被
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	被囝
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	被
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	被
	Pontianak (Teochew)	被
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	被
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	被
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	被絮
Wu	Shanghai	被頭／被头
	Suzhou	被頭／被头
	Ningbo	被頭／被头
	Zhoushan	被頭／被头
	Wenzhou	被
Xiang	Changsha	被窩／被窝
Xiang	Shuangfeng	被

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phi
Min Dong (BUC): bê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pī / pǐ
(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): be (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴
  - Yale: bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei⁶
  - Yale: beih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²²/

Note: literary reading.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note: literary reading.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²⁴²/

Note: literary reading.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī
  - Tâi-lô: pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǐ
  - Tâi-lô: pǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi²²/

Note: literary reading.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵/

Note: literary reading.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: be (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥e̞²³/

Note: literary reading.

Middle Chinese: /bˠiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	被
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	皮彼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/bje^X/
Wang Li	/bǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/, /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*bralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被	被
Reading #	1/4	2/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bje^X ›	‹ bje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/	/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English	coverlet	cover (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	被
Reading #	1/2
No.	9713
Phonetic component	皮
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	被
Old Chinese	/*bralʔ/

Definitions

被

^† to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune, etc.)
by
我被蚊子咬了。 ― Wǒ bèi wénzi yǎo le. ― I got bitten by mosquitoes.
Used before a verb to indicate passive voice, often with a negative connotation.
我的錶被偷了。／我的表被偷了。 ― Wǒ de biǎo bèi tōu le. ― My watch has been stolen.
我們的汽車尾巴被撞壞了。 [MSC, trad.]
我们的汽车尾巴被撞坏了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen de qìchē wěiba bèi zhuànghuài le. [Pinyin]
The rear end of our car was smashed.
(neologism) passively; under duress; in a forged manner; etc.
被自殺／被自杀 ― bèi zìshā ― to "be suicided"; to be killed by the authorities who then pass one's death off as suicide
被就業／被就业 ― bèi jiùyè ― to "be achieved employment"; to be falsely recorded as employed (for the purpose of falsifying employment data)
被吸菸／被吸烟 ― bèi xīyān ― to smoke secondhand
被嫖娼 ― bèi piáochāng ― to be falsely accused of visiting a prostitute
a surname.

Usage notes

In a passive-voice sentence, 被 is placed after the subject and before the doer of the action. The doer of the action is placed before the verb or can be omitted.
As a neologism, by affixing 被 to a verb or verb phrase that is rarely used in the passive sense (e.g. an intransitive verb), a deliberate awkwardness is constructed to call to the absurdity of the situation being referred to.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Mandarin	Beijing	讓／让, 叫, 給／给
	Taiwan	讓／让, 叫, 給／给
	Jinan	叫, 讓／让
	Xi'an	叫
	Wuhan	把得
	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Yangzhou	給／给, 把
	Hefei	給／给, 叫
	Malaysia	被, 給／给
	Singapore	被, 讓／让, 給／给
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓／让, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Conghua (Lütian)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給／给
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討／讨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給／给
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吶／呐
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乞
Min Nan	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥／拨, 撥辣／拨辣
	Suzhou	撥／拨, 撥勒／拨勒
	Ningbo	撥／拨, 撥人家／拨人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽／听, 撈／捞, 讓／让, 被
Xiang	Shuangfeng	耗

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pī (pi¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei¹
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): pi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pī
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pi
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi¹
  - Yale: pī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei¹
  - Yale: pēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pi¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-pʰ(r)aj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被
Reading #	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pī
Middle Chinese	‹ phje ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-pʰ(r)aj/
English	cover oneself with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

被

^† Alternative form of 披 (pī, “to cover oneself; to scatter”).

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei⁶
  - Yale: beih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /bˠiᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	被
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	平義切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/bje^H/
Wang Li	/bǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*brals/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	被
Reading #	2/2
No.	9715
Phonetic component	皮
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髲
Old Chinese	/*brals/

Definitions

被

Alternative form of 髲 (bì, “wig”).
Alternative form of 彼 (bǐ, “that”).

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pì (pi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pì
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pì
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi⁴
  - Yale: pì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pih
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pei³
  - Yale: pei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯³³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)aj-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被
Reading #	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pì
Middle Chinese	‹ phje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)aj-s/
English	cloak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

被

Alternative form of 帔 (pèi).

Compounds

Derived terms from 被

丁公被戮
冒被
叨被
太空被
奉被
姜家大被
姜被
布被
布被十年
棉被 (miánbèi)
植被 (zhíbèi)
毛巾被 (máojīnbèi)
海被
溥被
珠被
祭遵布被
花被
衣被
衲被
被俘 (bèifú)
被告 (bèigào)
被囊
被囚
被套 (bèitào)
被子 (bèizi)
被子植物 (bèizǐzhíwù)
被害人 (bèihàirén)
被拒
被控 (bèikòng)
被搭子
被服 (bèifú)
被甲
被甲兵
被罪 (bèizuì)

被虐待狂
被袋 (bèidài)
被褐
被褥 (bèirù)
被覆 (bèifù)
被迫 (bèipò)
被逮 (bèidǎi)
被酒
覆被
單被花／单被花
墊被／垫被 (diànbèi)
夾被／夹被
夾被摩痛／夹被摩痛
扇枕溫被／扇枕温被
東漸西被／东渐西被
棉被窩／棉被窝
無被花／无被花
疊被／叠被
紙被／纸被
繡被／绣被
蒙頭衲被／蒙头衲被
衲被蒙頭／衲被蒙头
被乘數／被乘数 (bèichéngshù)
被保護國／被保护国
被保險人／被保险人
被加數／被加数 (bèijiāshù)
被動／被动 (bèidòng)
被動免疫／被动免疫
被動式／被动式 (bèidòngshì)
被單／被单 (bèidān)
被堅執銳／被坚执锐
被寵若驚／被宠若惊
被山帶河／被山带河
被底鴛鴦／被底鸳鸯

被減數／被减数 (bèijiǎnshù)
被澤蒙庥／被泽蒙庥
被火紋身／被火纹身
被災蒙禍／被灾蒙祸
被禍／被祸
被窩／被窝 (bèiwō)
被筩／被筒
被繼承人／被继承人
被臥／被卧 (bèiwo)
被褐懷寶／被褐怀宝
被褐懷玉／被褐怀玉
被褐懷珠／被褐怀珠
被褐懷金／被褐怀金
被褐藏輝／被褐藏辉
被詔輒成／被诏辄成
被論人／被论人
被選舉人／被选举人
被選舉權／被选举权 (bèixuǎnjǔquán)
被除數／被除数 (bèichúshù)
被頭／被头 (bèitóu)
被騙／被骗
被髮／被发 (pīfà)
被髮佯狂／被发佯狂
被髮入山／被发入山
被髮左衽／被发左衽
被髮纓冠／被发缨冠
被髮陽狂／被发阳狂
襆被／幞被
鄂君繡被／鄂君绣被
長枕大被／长枕大被
陀羅尼被／陀罗尼被
鱗被／鳞被
鴛鴦被／鸳鸯被
鵝毛被／鹅毛被

Japanese

Kanji

被

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: び (bi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kun: おおう (ōu, 被う); かずく (kazuku, 被く); かずかる (kazukaru, 被かる); かずける (kazukeru, 被ける); かがふる (kagafuru, 被る); かぶる (kaburu, 被る); かぶす (kabusu, 被す); かぶさる (kabusaru, 被さる); かぶせる (kabuseru, 被せる); かむる (kamuru, 被る); こうぶる (kōburu, 被る); こうむる (kōmuru, 被る, Jōyō); きせる (kiseru, 被せる); ふすま (fusuma, 被)
Nanori: ぎぬ (ginu)

Compounds

花被(かひ) (kahi): perianth
被害(ひがい) (higai): incurred harm
被害者(ひがいしゃ) (higaisha): someone who has incurred harm: a victim, an injured person
被服(ひふく) (hifuku)

鱗被(りんぴ) (rinpi): a lodicule: a small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
被
ひ Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 被 (bje^H, “to cover”), from the term's use in Chinese as a passive marker.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

IPA^(key): [çi]

Prefix

被(ひ) • (hi-)

-ed, -ee (marks the passive recipient of an action)
被(ひ)傭者(ようしゃ)
hiyōsha
employee
被(ひ)験者(けんしゃ)
hikensha
examinee
被(ひ)減数(げんすう)
higensū
minuend (number which is reduced)
被(ひ)保護国(ほごこく)
hihogokoku
protectorate (protected nation)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
被
おおい Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 被う (ōu, “to cover”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) おおい [òóí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
(Tokyo) おおい [òóíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2]
IPA^(key): [o̞ːi]

Noun

被(おおい) • (ōi) ^{←おほい (ofoi)^?}

a covering
the act of covering something
(by extension) a protector or patron

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

被 • (pi) (hangeul 피, revised pi, McCune–Reischauer p'i, Yale phi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

被: Hán Nôm readings: bị, bệ, bỡ, bự, bợ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN