行李

行李

Chinese

		to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; okay; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behavior; conduct; a row; profession; professional	phonetic
trad. (行李)		行	李
simp. #(行李)		行	李

Etymology

From 行理 (“messenger”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xínglǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴ lei⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàng-lí / hèn-lí
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-lí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁵ li²

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhan li (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xínglǐ → xíngli (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ → ㄒㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngli̊
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-li⁵
    • Yale: syíng-li
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyng.lii
    • Palladius: синли (sinli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /ɕiŋ³⁵ li³/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 行李 行禮／行礼

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁴ lei⁵
    • Yale: hàhng léih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴ lei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴ léi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹ lei̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàng-lí / hèn-lí
    • Hakka Romanization System: hangˇ li` / henˇ li`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang² li³ / hen² li³
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ¹¹ li³¹/, /hen¹¹ li³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-lí
    • Tâi-lô: hîng-lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: henglie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² li⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ li⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁵ li²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng lí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhan li (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦã²² li⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠæŋ  lɨ^X/

Rime
Character	行	李
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	戸庚切	良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋ/	/lɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋ/	/lɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋ/	/lieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋ/	/lɨX/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋ/	/liəX/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋ/	/lĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋ/	/liX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng	lǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang4	lei5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤraŋ  C.rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋ  rɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	行	李
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng	lǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ hæng ›	‹ liX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁraŋ/	/*C.rəʔ/
English	walk (v.)	plum
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	行	李
Reading #	3/4	1/1
No.	13867	17869
Phonetic component	行	子
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	行	里
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋ/	/*rɯʔ/

Noun

行李

1. belongings one carries for travelling; luggage; baggage (Classifier: 件 m c; 跤 mn)

   行李托運／行李托运  ―  xínglǐ tuōyùn  ―  bag drop

   行李安檢／行李安检  ―  xínglǐ ānjiǎn  ―  luggage inspection

   行李寄存處／行李寄存处  ―  xínglǐ jìcúnchù  ―  luggage deposit

   托運行李／托运行李  ―  tuōyùn xínglǐ  ―  to check through luggage

   行李傳送帶／行李传送带  ―  xínglǐ chuánsòngdài  ―  baggage carousel

   請把他的行李拿回家。 [MSC, trad.]
   请把他的行李拿回家。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng bǎ tā de xíngli ná huíjiā. [Pinyin]

   Please take his luggage back home.

   行李讓雨給淋濕了。 [MSC, trad.]
   行李让雨给淋湿了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi lìnshī le. [Pinyin]

   The luggage was soaked by rain.

2. (Classical Chinese) herald; messenger

Derived terms

行李房 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng) 行李袋

行李捲兒／行李卷儿 行李車／行李车 (xínglǐchē)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (行李):

• → Japanese: 行李(こうり) (kōri)
• → Korean: 행리(行李) (haengni)
• → Vietnamese: hành lí (行李)

Others:

• → Uyghur: شىڭلى‎ (shingli)

See also

• 行裝／行装 (xíngzhuāng)

References

• Duffus, William (1883), “baggage”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 16

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
行	李
こう Grade: 2	り Jinmeiyō
kan’on	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
梱

行李・梱 (kōri, kori): a wicker trunk.

/kauri/ → /kɔːri/ → /koːri/

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 行李 (MC ɦˠæŋ lɨ^X, “baggage, luggage”). First cited in Japanese in a section of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 706.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ーり [kóꜜòrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɾʲi]

Counter

行(こう)李(り) • (-kōri) ^{←かうり (kauri)?}

1. [from 1867] used to count items of luggage, cargo, or freight: box, bundle, item, bale, package

Usage notes

More commonly encountered with the shortened reading kori.[1][2][4]

Noun

行(こう)李(り) • (kōri) ^{←かうり (kauri)?}

1. [from 1612] a wicker trunk used as luggage, with a lid that slides down over the top, generally made of bamboo, willow, or wisteria

   Synonym: 葛籠 (tsuzura, more general term for any wicker basket or box)

2. [from 892] a messenger, an envoy

   Synonym: 使者 (shisha)

3. [from 706] luggage, baggage (what one takes on a trip to contain one's possessions)

   Synonym: 荷物 (nimotsu)

4. [from early 1100s] a trip, a voyage (by extension from the luggage sense)

   Synonyms: 旅 (tabi), 旅行 (ryokō)

5. [from 1939] (historical) in the former Japanese army, the unit tasked with transporting materiel and supplies: military logistics

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
行	李
こう > こ Grade: 2	り Jinmeiyō
irregular	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
梱

/kɔːri/ → /kori/

Analyzable as a shortening of the kōri reading. First cited in 1523.[5]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​り [kóꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɾʲi]

Counter

行(こ)李(り) • (-kori) 

1. [from late 1870s] used to count items of luggage, cargo, or freight: box, bundle, item, bale, package

Noun

行(こ)李(り) • (kori) 

1. [from 1523] a bundle of one or more pieces of luggage secured with rope or cord
2. [from 1603] a wicker trunk used as luggage, with a lid that slides down over the top, generally made of bamboo, willow, or wisteria

   Synonym: 葛籠 (tsuzura, more general term for any wicker basket or box)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
行	李
あん Grade: 2	り Jinmeiyō
tōon	on’yomi

Shift from earlier kōri reading to adopt the tō-on reading for the initial 行 character. May be either a later re-borrowing from Chinese, or influenced by later changes in Chinese pronunciation.

First attested in the 1230s.[6]

This reading is not included in various dictionaries[2][3][4] and may be obsolete.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あ​んり [áꜜǹrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ã̠nɾʲi]

Noun

行(あん)李(り) • (anri) 

1. [from 1230s] (Zen) Alternative spelling of 行履 (anri): daily life, what one does in a regular day

   Synonyms: 行住坐臥 (gyōjūzaga, Zen terminology, literally “going, staying, sitting, lying down”), 日常生活 (nichijō seikatsu, general terminology, literally “daily lifestyle”)

2. [from 1548] (archaic, possibly obsolete) luggage, baggage (what one takes on a trip to contain one's possessions)

   Synonym: 荷物 (nimotsu)

3. [from 1717] (archaic, possibly obsolete) a messenger, an envoy

   Synonym: 使者 (shisha)

References

1. “行李・梱”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
5. “梱・行李”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
6. “行李”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
行	李

Noun

行李

1. chữ Hán form of hành lí (“luggage; baggage”).