蜜柑

蜜柑

Chinese

		honey	large tangerine
simp. and trad. (蜜柑)		蜜	柑

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mìgān

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mat⁶ gam¹
• Min Nan (POJ): bi̍t-kam

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: mìgān
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄍㄢ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mihgan
    • IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mat⁶ gam¹
    • Yale: maht gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹ gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: med⁶ gem¹
    • IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚² kɐm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t-kam
    • Tâi-lô: bi̍t-kam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bidkafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bit̚⁴⁻³² kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bit̚²⁴⁻²² kam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bit̚⁴⁻³² kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bit̚⁴⁻³² kam⁴⁴/

Noun

蜜柑

1. mandarin orange
2. tangerine

Synonyms

• 柑子 (gānzi)
• 橘子 (júzi)
• 甌柑／瓯柑 (ōugān)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蜜	柑
みつ > みっ Grade: S	かん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Probably from Middle Chinese compound 蜜柑. Compare modern Mandarin reading mìgān.

Obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • IPA^(key): [mʲik̚kã̠ɴ]

Noun

蜜柑 (hiragana みっかん, rōmaji mikkan)

1. (obsolete) a mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)
2. (obsolete) citrus fruit in general

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蜜	柑
Grade: S	Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/mikkan/ → /mikan/

Shift in pronunciation from mikkan above. This change occurred sometime after the 1603 publication of the Japanese-Portuguese Nippo Jisho[1], which still lists the reading as mikkan.

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) み​かん [míꜜkàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [mʲikã̠ɴ]

Noun

蜜柑 (hiragana みかん, katakana ミカン, rōmaji mikan)

1. a mandarin orange, Citrus unshiu (fruit)
2. citrus fruit in general

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ミカン.

See also

• オレンジ (orenji): an orange (specifically Citrus sinensis)

References

1. 1603, 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho): Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (in Portuguese), Nagasaki: Society of Jesus
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN