蜉蝣

蜉蝣

Chinese

			Ephemera strigata
simp. and trad. (蜉蝣)		蜉	蝣
variant forms		浮游

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fúyóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁴ jau⁴
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hû-iû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ iu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Pinyin: fúyóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyou
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fúyóu
    • IPA ^(key): /fu˧˥ joʊ̯˧˥/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 浮游 蜉蝣

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fau⁴ jau⁴
    • Yale: fàuh yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁴ jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: feo⁴ yeo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯˨˩ jɐu̯˨˩/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû-iû
    • Tâi-lô: hû-iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hu'iuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hu˨˦꜕꜕ iu˨˦/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu˨˦꜕꜕ iu˨˦/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu˩˧꜕꜕ iu˩˧/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu˨˦꜖꜖ iu˨˦/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu˨˧꜔꜔ iu˨˧/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pu⁵ iu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû iû
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /bɨu  jɨu/▼

Rime
Character	蜉	蝣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	縛謀切	以周切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu/	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/biu/	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu/	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw/	/juw/
Li Rong	/biu/	/iu/
Wang Li	/bĭəu/	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u/	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fóu	yóu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*bu  lu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)u/
English	mayfly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜉	蝣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3347	15547
Phonetic component	孚	斿
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	浮	猷
Old Chinese	/*bu/	/*lu/

Noun

蜉蝣

1. mayfly

Derived terms

蜉蝣在世 (fúyóu zàishì)

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Japanese

蜉蝣 (kagerō, fuyū): a mayfly.

Alternative forms

• 蜻蛉 (obsolete)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagerō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze.[1] The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 蜉蝣.

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) かげ​ろー [kàgéꜜròò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
  • (Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéróó] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

Noun

蜉蝣 (hiragana かげろう, katakana カゲロウ, rōmaji kagerō, historical hiragana かげろふ)

1. a mayfly
2. (obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as カゲロウ.

Idioms

Idoms

• 蜉蝣 (かげろう)の命 (いのち) (kagerō no inochi): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagirō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze.[1]

Obsolete reading.

Noun

蜉蝣 (hiragana かぎろう, rōmaji kagirō, historical hiragana かぎろふ)

1. (obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
ふ Hyōgaiji	ゆう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蜉蝣 (bjuw yuw?). Compare Mandarin 蜉蝣 (fúyóu), Vietnamese phù du.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ふゆう [fùyúú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • (Tokyo) ふ​ゆう [fúꜜyùù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

蜉蝣 (hiragana ふゆう, rōmaji fuyū, historical hiragana ふいう)

1. a mayfly
2. (by extension) ephemerality (from the way that mayflies are born and die within a day)

Idioms

Idoms

• 蜉 (ふ)蝣 (ゆう)の一 (いち)期 (ご) (fuyū no ichigo): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
蜉	蝣

Noun

蜉蝣

1. Hán tự form of phù du (“mayfly”).

Adjective

蜉蝣

1. Hán tự form of phù du (“ephemeral”).