蜀黍

蜀黍

Chinese

		Shu	broomcorn millet; glutinous millet
trad. (蜀黍)		蜀	黍
simp. #(蜀黍)		蜀	黍
Literally: “Shu millet”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǔshǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk⁶ syu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǔshǔ [Phonetic: shúshǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǔshǔ
    • Wade–Giles: shu³-shu³
    • Yale: shǔ-shǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuushuu
    • Palladius: шушу (šušu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: suk⁶ syu²
    • Yale: suhk syú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁹ sy²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug⁶ xu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚² ʃyː³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑɨok̚  ɕɨʌ^X/

Rime
Character	蜀	黍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鍾 (8)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	市玉切	舒吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨok̚/	/ɕɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiok̚/	/ɕiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiok̚/	/ɕiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑuawk̚/	/ɕɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ʑiok̚/	/ɕiɔX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭwok̚/	/ɕĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯wok̚/	/ɕi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shú	shǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk6	syu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ok  s-tʰaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djoɡ  hljaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜀	黍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǔ	shǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyowk ›	‹ syoX ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ok/	/*s-tʰaʔ/
English	caterpillar; Shu [place name]	Panicum miliaceum, glutinous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜀	黍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11842	11800
Phonetic component	蜀	黍
Rime group	屋	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	蜀
Old Chinese	/*djoɡ/	/*hljaʔ/
Notes	甲文本象形，此爲加蟲轉註字， 亦作蠋

Noun

蜀黍

1. sorghum
2. (slang) Alternative form of 叔叔 (shūshu, “uncle”) (term of address for older men, especially those with unacceptable sexual habits)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 高粱 (“sorghum”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		高粱, 蜀黍
Mandarin	Beijing	高粱
	Taiwan	高粱
	Ulanhot	高粱
	Tongliao	高粱
	Chifeng	高粱
	Bayanhot	高粱, 秫秫
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	高粱
	Harbin	高粱
	Shenyang	高粱
	Yantai (Muping)	胡秫
	Qingdao	胡秫
	Jinan	高粱, 秫秫
	Luoyang	高粱, 秫秫, 紅秫秫
	Wanrong	䵚黍
	Zhengzhou	黑秫秫, 秫秫
	Xi'an	䵚黍
	Yinchuan	秫秫
	Lanzhou	秫秫, 高粱
	Xining	高粱
	Ürümqi	高粱
	Wuhan	高粱
	Huanggang	榴粟
	Chengdu	高粱
	Guiyang	高粱
	Kunming	高粱
	Liuzhou	高粱
	Xuzhou	秫秫, 小秫秫
	Yangzhou	高粱, 蘆書
	Nanjing	高粱
	Hefei	秫秫
	Nantong	高粱
	Singapore	高粱
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	䵚黍, 高粱
Cantonese	Guangzhou	高粱粟, 高粱
	Hong Kong	高粱粟, 高粱
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	高粱
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	高粱
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	高粱
	Yangjiang	高粱粟, 枝勾粟
	Danzhou	麥
Gan	Nanchang	高粱
	Lichuan	高粱
	Pingxiang	高粱
Hakka	Meixian	高粱粟, 蘆粟, 蘆粟仔
	Xingning	羅粟
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	高粱粟
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	高粱
	Wengyuan	高粱粟
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	高粱粟
	Liannan	高粱粟
	Jiexi	粟
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	高粱粟
	Changting	高粱粟
	Wuping	高粱粟
	Wuping (Yanqian)	蘆粟
	Wuping (Pingyu)	高粱粟
	Liancheng	高粱粟
	Ninghua	禾媽, 粟仔
	Yudu	高粱粟, 粟子
	Ningdu	粟子
	Ruijin	粟子
	Shicheng	高粱粟
	Shangyou (Shexi)	粟子
	Tonggu (Sandu)	蘆粟
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	粟子
	Dayu	粟哩
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	高粱
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	高粱
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	高粱
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	高粱
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	高粱
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	高粟
	Hong Kong	高粱粟
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	高粱
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	高粱粟
	Xinyi (Sihe)	高粱粟
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	高粱粟
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	禾仔
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	高粱
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	高粱
	Mengshan (Xihe)	高粱
	Luchuan	高粱
	Senai (Huiyang)	高粱粟, 高粱
Huizhou	Jixi	蘿穄
	Shexian	蘆穄
	Tunxi	蘆穄
	Xiuning	蘆穄
	Yixian	蘆穄
	Qimen	蘆穄
	Wuyuan	穄粟
	Jingde	蘆穄
	Shitai (Xianyu)	蘆穄
Jin	Taiyuan	茭子
	Pingyao	䵚黍
	Xinzhou	茭子
	Taibus (Baochang)	高粱
	Linhe	高粱
	Jining	高粱
	Hohhot	茭子
	Baotou	高粱
	Dongsheng	高粱
	Haibowan	高粱
Min Bei	Jian'ou	蘆粟, 高粱
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	觀音粟
	Songxi	粟仔
	Zhenghe	高粱粟
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	黍仔
	Jianyang	蘆粟
	Wuyishan	龍黍
	Pucheng (Shibei)	蘆粟
Min Dong	Fuzhou	穄, 穄黍
	Changle	穄
	Fuqing	穄黍
	Yongtai	黍
	Gutian	黍
	Fu'an	扣頭子
	Ningde	高粱
	Shouning	黍
	Zhouning	黍
	Fuding	黍
	Matsu	穄米
Min Nan	Xiamen	蘆黍, 番黍
	Quanzhou	番黍
	Zhangzhou	黍仔
	Taipei	番黍, 高粱
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	番黍
	Kaohsiung	蘆黍, 番黍, 高粱
	Yilan	番黍
	Kinmen	番黍, 蘆黍, 高粱
	Penghu (Magong)	蘆黍
	Chaozhou	高粱
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	高粱
	Wenchang	牛黍
	Haikou	高粱
Puxian Min	Putian	黍
	Xianyou	懸跤黍
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	高粱
Wu	Shanghai	高粱
	Shanghai (Chongming)	高粱
	Suzhou	粟子, 高粱
	Wuxi	高粱
	Danyang	高粱
	Ningbo	蘆穄
	Wenzhou	高粱粟, 蓬頭粟
	Jinhua	蘆穄
Xiang	Changsha	高粱
	Loudi	高粱
	Shuangfeng	高粱

Derived terms

怪蜀黍 (guàishǔshǔ)

Descendants

• → Middle Korean: 슈슈 (syusyu)
  • Korean: 수수 (susu)

Further reading

• 本草綱目/穀之二#蜀黍 on the Chinese Wikisource.Wikisource ^zh

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蜀	黍
もろこし Hyōgaiji	きび Hyōgaiji
irregular	kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
唐黍

Compound of 唐 (morokoshi, “China in general; (by extension) foreign”) +‎ 黍 (kibi, “millet”).

The spelling is from Chinese.[1] See shokusho below.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) もろこしき​び [mòrókóshí kíꜜbì] (Nakadaka – [5])
• IPA^(key): [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi kʲibʲi]

Noun

蜀(もろこし)黍(きび) • (morokoshi kibi) 

1. sorghum

Usage notes

The longer term morokoshi kibi has been largely replaced by the shorter form morokoshi below.

Synonyms

• 蜀黍(もろこし) (morokoshi), 唐黍(もろこし) (morokoshi)
• 唐黍(とうきび) (tōkibi)
• 高黍(たかきび) (takakibi)

Etymology 2

蜀黍 (morokoshi kibi, morokoshi, shokusho): sorghum.

Kanji in this term
蜀	黍
Hyōgaiji	Hyōgaiji
irregular

Alternative spelling
唐黍

Abbreviation of morokoshi kibi above, with the abbreviated reading then re-applied to the entire kanji compound.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) もろこし [mòrókóshí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi]

Noun

蜀黍(もろこし) • (morokoshi) 

1. sorghum
2. maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)

Usage notes

The term 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi) is more common for the maize sense.

Synonyms

• (sorghum): 蜀黍(もろこし) (morokoshi), 唐黍(もろこし) (morokoshi), 唐黍(とうきび) (tōkibi), 高黍(たかきび) (takakibi)
• (maize): 玉蜀黍(とうもろこし) (tōmorokoshi), 唐黍(とうきび) (tōkibi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蜀	黍
しょく Hyōgaiji	しょ Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese compound 蜀黍 (MC d͡ʑɨok̚ ɕɨʌ^X, literally “Shu (old place name) + millet”). The ancient state of Shu is roughly analogous to modern Sichuan province.

This reading appears to be rare, and may be obsolete.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝɕo̞]

Noun

蜀(しょく)黍(しょ) • (shokusho) 

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) sorghum

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN