虢

虢

虢 U+8662, 虢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8662 ← 虡 [U+8661] CJK Unified Ideographs 虣 → [U+8663]

Translingual

Han character

虢 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月戈卜心弓 (BIYPN) or 月戈卜心山 (BIYPU), four-corner 2131₇, composition ⿰寽虎)

Derived characters

• 𢸗, 㶁, 𧭣

References

• KangXi: page 1075, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32742
• Dae Jaweon: page 1543, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2828, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8662

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Chinese

trad.		虢
simp. #		虢
alternative forms		郭 𣂭 𧇧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虢
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 攴 + 虎 or 爪 + 攴 + 虎.

One theory considers this character a pictogram (象形) : two hands (寽) opening tiger (虎)'s fur, thus an original glyph of 鞹. (Lin Yiguang)

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷraːɡ) : phonetic 寽 (OC *rud) + semantic 虎 (“tiger”). However, this is not generally considered likely.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guó (guo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guó
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guó
    • Wade–Giles: kuo²
    • Yale: gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwik¹
    • Yale: gwīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: guig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠwæk̚/

Rime
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (114)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古伯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuɐk̚/
Wang Li	/kwɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷˁrak/
English	(place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
No.	4764
Phonetic component	虢
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	格
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːɡ/

Definitions

虢

1. (historical) Name of several ancient feudal states that existed during the Western Zhou period (1050 to 770 B.C.E.) situated in modern-day Shaanxi and Hunan provinces and founded by relatives of the royal Ji family of the Zhou dynasty
2. a surname

Compounds

暮虢朝虞

假途滅虢／假途灭虢

虢滅虞亡／虢灭虞亡

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Japanese

Kanji

虢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. name of ancient feudal State in Shaanxi and Hunan

Readings

• On (unclassified): かく (kaku); きゃく (kyaku)

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Vietnamese

Han character

虢: Hán Việt readings: quắc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.