虐殺

虐殺

See also: 虐杀

Chinese

		oppressive; tyrannical	to kill; to murder; to slaughter
trad. (虐殺)		虐	殺
simp. (虐杀)		虐	杀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nüèshā

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩㄝˋ ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶ saat³
• Min Nan (POJ): lio̍k-sat / gia̍k-sat

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nüèshā
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ ㄕㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nyuèsha
    • Wade–Giles: nüeh⁴-sha¹
    • Yale: nywè-shā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niuehsha
    • Palladius: нюэша (njueša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɥɛ⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: joek⁶ saat³
    • Yale: yeuhk saat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹ saat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶ sad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚² saːt̚³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k-sat
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k-sat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liogsad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴⁻² sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴⁻³² sat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k-sat
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍k-sat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giagsad
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sat̚³²/

Verb

虐殺

1. to brutally murder

   • 而且又證明著這不但是殺害，簡直是虐殺，因為身體上還有棍棒的傷痕。 [MSC, trad.]
     而且又证明著这不但是杀害，简直是虐杀，因为身体上还有棍棒的伤痕。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1926, Lu Xun, “In Memory of Miss Liu Hezhen”

     Érqiě yòu zhèngmíng zhe zhè bùdàn shì shāhài, jiǎnzhí shì nüèshā, yīnwèi shēntǐ shàng háiyǒu gùnbàng de shānghén. [Pinyin]

     And these also proved that she was not merely murdered, but brutally murdered, for their bodies bore the marks of clubs also.

2. to cause someone's death by maltreatment; to torture to death

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (虐殺):

• → Japanese: 虐殺(ぎゃくさつ) (gyakusatsu)
• → Korean: 학살(虐殺) (haksal)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
虐	殺
ぎゃく Grade: S	さつ Grade: 5
on’yomi	kan’on

Alternative spelling
虐殺 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) ぎゃくさつ [gyàkúsátsú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝsa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ) • (gyakusatsu) 

1. massacre, slaughter

   イスラエルはガザで大(たい)量(りょう)虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ)を行(おこな)った。

   Isuraeru wa Gaza de tairyō gyakusatsu o okonatta.

   Israel committed a mass murder in Gaza.

Verb

虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ)する • (gyakusatsu suru) transitive suru (stem 虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ)し (gyakusatsu shi), past 虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ)した (gyakusatsu shita))

1. to massacre

Conjugation

Conjugation of "虐殺する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	虐殺し	ぎゃくさつし	gyakusatsu shi
Continuative (連用形)	虐殺し	ぎゃくさつし	gyakusatsu shi
Terminal (終止形)	虐殺する	ぎゃくさつする	gyakusatsu suru
Attributive (連体形)	虐殺する	ぎゃくさつする	gyakusatsu suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	虐殺すれ	ぎゃくさつすれ	gyakusatsu sure
Imperative (命令形)	虐殺せよ¹ 虐殺しろ²	ぎゃくさつせよ¹ ぎゃくさつしろ²	gyakusatsu seyo¹ gyakusatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	虐殺される	ぎゃくさつされる	gyakusatsu sareru
Causative	虐殺させる 虐殺さす	ぎゃくさつさせる ぎゃくさつさす	gyakusatsu saseru gyakusatsu sasu
Potential	虐殺できる	ぎゃくさつできる	gyakusatsu dekiru
Volitional	虐殺しよう	ぎゃくさつしよう	gyakusatsu shiyō
Negative	虐殺しない	ぎゃくさつしない	gyakusatsu shinai
Negative continuative	虐殺せず	ぎゃくさつせず	gyakusatsu sezu
Formal	虐殺します	ぎゃくさつします	gyakusatsu shimasu
Perfective	虐殺した	ぎゃくさつした	gyakusatsu shita
Conjunctive	虐殺して	ぎゃくさつして	gyakusatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	虐殺すれば	ぎゃくさつすれば	gyakusatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
虐	殺

Noun

虐殺 • (haksal) (hangeul 학살)

1. Hanja form^? of 학살 (“massacre; slaughter”).