薺

薺

See also: 荠 and 萕

薺 U+85BA, 薺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85BA ← 薹 [U+85B9] CJK Unified Ideographs 薻 → [U+85BB]

Translingual

Traditional	薺
Shinjitai (extended)	萕
Simplified	荠

Han character

薺 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜X (TYX), four-corner 4422₃, composition ⿱艹齊)

References

• KangXi: page 1063, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32208
• Dae Jaweon: page 1527, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3315, character 11
• Unihan data for U+85BA

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Chinese

trad.		薺
simp.		荠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠	*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	*zliːl, *zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	*zliːl, *zlil
懠	*zliːl, *zliːls
薺	*zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	*zliːls, *ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zliːlʔ, *zlil) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁵
• Min Dong (BUC): cī
• Min Nan (POJ): chē / ché
• Wu (Wiktionary): xxi (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cai⁵
    • Yale: cháih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯¹³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
    • Tâi-lô: tsē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ze
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
    • Tâi-lô: tsé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xxi (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʑ̥i²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡zei^X/

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂禮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjX/
Li Rong	/d͡zeiX/
Wang Li	/d͡zieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*dzˤ[ə]jʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzejX ›
Old Chinese	/*dzˁ[ə]jʔ/
English	Capsella bursa-pastoris
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10058
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	薺
Old Chinese	/*zliːlʔ/

Definitions

薺

1. shepherd's purse

Compounds

甘之如薺／甘之如荠 甘心如薺／甘心如荠

薺苨／荠苨 薺菜／荠菜 (jìcài)

薺薴／荠苧

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qí (qi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhì
• Jin (Wiktionary): qi³ / qi¹
• Min Dong (BUC): sì
• Min Nan (POJ): chî / chê
• Wu (Wiktionary): xxi (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): zi⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qí
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cí
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi²
    • Yale: chí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cai⁴
    • Yale: chàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qi²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qi³ / qi¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chî / chê
    • Tâi-lô: tsî / tsê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cii, zee
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕi²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi¹³/, /t͡se¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi²⁴/, /t͡se²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi²³/, /t͡se²³/

Note:

• chî - vernacular;
• chê - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xxi (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʑ̥i²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/

Definitions

薺

1. Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi) and its regional synonyms.

Compounds

荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi) 荸薺子／荸荠子

莓薺／莓荠 葧薺／葧荠 (bóqí)

馬薺／马荠

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cí (ci²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): chîr

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cí
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci⁴
    • Yale: chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chîr
    • Tâi-lô: tsîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ziɪ/

Rime
Character	薺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlil/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	薺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10071
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zlil/

Definitions

薺

1. Alternative form of 茨 (cí, “Tribulus terrestris”).

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Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	萕
Kyūjitai	薺

Kanji

薺 (nazuna): the flower of the shepherd's purse.

薺

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 萕)

Readings

• Go-on: ざい (zai)^{←ざい (zai, historical)}; じ (ji)^{←じ (zi, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei)^{←せい (sei, historical)}; し (shi)^{←し (si, historical)}
• Kun: なずな (nazuna, 薺)^{←なづな (naduna, historical)}; ひとしい (hitoshii, 薺しい); ととのえる (totonoeru, 薺える)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
薺
なずな Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/nad͡zuna/ > /nazuna/

Unclear. There are two leading theories, based on older form nadzuna:

• May be derived from natsu na, as in 夏 (natsu, “summer”) + 無 (na, “missing, gone”), from the way the plant dies back in the summer.
• May be derived from nadzuru na, as in 撫づる (nadzuru, “to pet, to pat, to stroke”, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Old Japanese verb 撫づ nadzu, modern Japanese 撫でる naderu) + 菜 (na, “edible greens”), from the way the flower clusters may invite handling.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) なずな [nàzúná] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [na̠zɨᵝna̠]

Noun

薺(なずな) • (nazuna) ^{←なづな (naduna)?}

1. shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナズナ.

Hypernyms

• 春(はる)の七(なな)草(くさ) (haru no nanakusa)

References

1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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Korean

Hanja

薺 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.