蓮

See also: 莲

蓮	U+84EE, 蓮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84EE

← 蓭
[U+84ED]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蓯 →
[U+84EF]

蓮	U+F999, 蓮 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F999

← 輦
[U+F998]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

連 →
[U+F99A]

Translingual

Japanese	蓮
Simplified	莲
Traditional	蓮

Han character

蓮 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜十十 (TYJJ), four-corner 4430₄, composition ⿱艹連)

References

KangXi: page 1052, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31722
Dae Jaweon: page 1514, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3261, character 10
Unihan data for U+84EE
Unihan data for U+F999

Chinese

trad.		蓮
simp.		莲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (連) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
連	*ren
漣	*ren
鰱	*ren
翴	*ren
鏈	ren, rens, *r̥ʰen
璉	*renʔ
僆	renʔ, reːns
摙	renʔ, rens
蓮	renʔ, reːn
嗹	*reːn
縺	*reːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *renʔ, *reːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren).

Etymology 1

Related to 蕑 (OC *kreːn, “lotus seed”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lián (lian²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): lin⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): len³
Gan (Wiktionary): lien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lièn
(Meixian, Guangdong): liên²
Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹
Min Bei (KCR): lâing
Min Dong (BUC): lièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liân / nâi / nûi / lân
(Teochew, Peng'im): noin⁵ / nain⁵ / liang⁵ / liêng⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lián
  - Wade–Giles: lien²
  - Yale: lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lin⁴
  - Yale: lìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: len³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /len²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: lienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lian²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liên²
  - Sinological IPA: /liɛn¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
  - Tâi-lô: liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan): /liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâi
  - Tâi-lô: nâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: naai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /nãi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nûi
  - Tâi-lô: nuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nuii
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nuĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
  - Tâi-lô: lân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laan
  - IPA (Taipei): /lan²⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- liân - literary;
- nâi/nûi - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: noin⁵ / nain⁵ / liang⁵ / liêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nôiⁿ / nâiⁿ / liâng / liêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nõĩ⁵⁵/, /nãĩ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/, /lieŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

noin5/nain5 - vernacular (nain5 - Chaoyang, Jieyang);
liang5/liêng5 - literary (liêng5 - Chaozhou).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: li (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: /len/

Rime
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	落賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/len/
Wang Li	/lien/
Bernard Karlgren	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k.[r]ˤe[n]/
(Zhengzhang): /*reːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ len ›
Old Chinese	/k.[r]ˁe[n]/ (cf. 蕑 jiān < kean < kˁre[n] (dial. *k.rˁ- > kˁr-) ‘lotus fruit (Ode 145.2)’)
English	lotus fruit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓮
Reading #	2/2
No.	8004
Phonetic component	連
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蓮
Old Chinese	/*reːn/

Definitions

蓮

lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
(in compounds or archaic) A plant with lotus-like flowers or leaves, or another plant similar to such a plant
睡蓮／睡莲 ― shuìlián ― water lily
金蓮花／金莲花 ― jīnliánhuā ― globeflower
銀蓮花／银莲花 ― yínliánhuā ― windflower
半邊蓮／半边莲 ― bànbiānlián ― Lobelia chinensis
穿心蓮／穿心莲 ― chuānxīnlián ― Andrographis paniculata (with flowers similar to Lobelia chinensis)
- 蓮，花之君子者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  莲，花之君子者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1063, Zhou Dunyi, Ode to Lotus Lovers
  Lián, huā zhī jūnzǐ zhě yě. [Pinyin]
  Lotus is the gentleman among flowers.
(Buddhism) Buddha's world; paradise

Synonyms

(lotus):

edit

水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
水芝 (shuǐzhī) (literary)
芙蓉 (fúróng)

芙蕖 (fúqú) (literary)
荷花 (héhuā)
菡萏 (hàndàn) (literary)

藕花 (ǒuhuā)
蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: sen

Compounds

Derived terms from 蓮

三寸金蓮／三寸金莲
並蒂蓮／并蒂莲 (bìngdìlián)
並頭蓮／并头莲
九蓮燈／九莲灯
八角蓮／八角莲
半邊蓮／半边莲 (bànbiānlián)
品蓮臺／品莲台
奉迓金蓮／奉迓金莲
子午蓮／子午莲
寶蓮燈／宝莲灯
布袋蓮／布袋莲 (bùdàilián)
慢吐蓮／慢吐莲
採蓮曲／采莲曲
採蓮船／采莲船 (cǎiliánchuán)
日蓮宗／日莲宗
木蓮／木莲 (mùlián)
朵朵蓮花／朵朵莲花
榴蓮／榴莲
步步蓮花／步步莲花 (bùbùliánhuā)
步步金蓮／步步金莲
潘妃金蓮／潘妃金莲
潘金蓮／潘金莲
王蓮／王莲
白蓮教／白莲教 (Báiliánjiào)
白蓮社／白莲社

百子蓮／百子莲
百枝蓮／百枝莲
目蓮救母／目莲救母
睡蓮／睡莲 (shuìlián)
石蓮／石莲
秦香蓮／秦香莲
舌粲蓮花／舌粲莲花
花蓮／花莲 (Huālián)
菖蒲蓮／菖蒲莲
蒲蓮／蒲莲 (Púlián)
蓮子／莲子 (liánzǐ)
蓮子花／莲子花
蓮宗／莲宗
蓮實／莲实
蓮幕／莲幕
蓮府／莲府
蓮座／莲座
蓮心／莲心
蓮房／莲房 (liánfáng)
蓮步／莲步 (liánbù)
蓮池／莲池 (Liánchí)
蓮湖／莲湖 (Liánhú, “Lianhu”)
蓮社／莲社
蓮臺／莲台
蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)

蓮花樂／莲花乐
蓮花漏／莲花漏
蓮花落／莲花落 (liánhuālào)
蓮華衣／莲华衣
蓮葉／莲叶 (liányè)
蓮蓬／莲蓬 (liánpeng)
蓮蓬頭／莲蓬头 (liánpengtóu)
蓮藕／莲藕 (lián'ǒu)
蓮邦／莲邦 (Liánbāng)
蓮鉤／莲钩
蓮開並蒂／莲开并蒂
蓮霧／莲雾 (liánwù)
蓮鬚／莲须 (liánxū)
蓮龕／莲龛
西番蓮／西番莲 (xīfānlián)
觀音座蓮／观音座莲
觀音蓮／观音莲
金蓮／金莲
金蓮步／金莲步
金蓮花／金莲花 ( jīnliánhuā)
阿蓮／阿莲 (Ālián)
雪蓮／雪莲 (xuělián)
青蓮／青莲 (Qīnglián)
青蓮居士／青莲居士

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liǎn (lian³)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liǎn
  - Wade–Giles: lien³
  - Yale: lyǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lean
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn²¹⁴/

Middle Chinese: /liᴇn^X/

Rime
Character	蓮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力展切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lian^X/
Li Rong	/liɛn^X/
Wang Li	/lĭɛn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*renʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓮
Reading #	1/2
No.	8000
Phonetic component	連
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	輦
Old Chinese	/*renʔ/

Definitions

蓮

Only used in 蓮勺／莲勺 (Liǎnzhuó).

References

“蓮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	蓮
Kyūjitai [1]	蓮 `蓮` or 蓮+`︀`^?
	蓮󠄀 蓮+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	蓮󠄄 蓮+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
	蓮󠄃 蓮+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

蓮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 蓮)

lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera

Readings

Go-on: れん (ren)
Kan-on: れん (ren)
Kun: はす (hasu, 蓮); はちす (hachisu, 蓮)

Etymology 1

蓮 (hachisu): Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod.

蓮 (hachisu, hasu, ren): Nelumbo nucifera: the lotus flower and plant.

Kanji in this term
蓮
はちす Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) +‎ 巣 (su, “nest, hive”), literally “beehive, honeycomb”, from the way the lotus seed resembles a honeycomb.[2][3]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) はちす [hàchísú] (Heiban – [0])[3]
IPA^(key): [ha̠t͡ɕisɨᵝ]

Noun

蓮(はちす) • (hachisu)

older name for hasu below: a lotus plant or flower, Nelumbo nucifera
(Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation
alternate name for 木槿 (mukuge), Hibiscus syriacus: the rose of Sharon, rose mallow, or St. Joseph's rod

Related terms

蜂巣(はちす) (hachisu): a beehive; a honeycomb

Proper noun

蓮(はちす) • (Hachisu)

the name of various places in Japan
a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蓮
はす Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/hat͡ɕisu/ → */hassu/ → /hasu/

Appears to be a contraction of hachisu above.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) はす [hàsú] (Heiban – [0])[3]
IPA^(key): [ha̠sɨᵝ]

Noun

蓮(はす) • (hasu)

a lotus plant or flower

Usage notes

The reading hasu appears to be more common for the lotus meaning in modern Japanese.

Derived terms

蓮根(はすね) (hasune): a lotus root

Proper noun

蓮(はす) • (Hasu)

a female given name
a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蓮
れん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 蓮 (len, “lotus fruit”). Compare modern Mandarin reading lián.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon

IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

蓮(れん) • (ren)

a lotus plant or flower

Usage notes

The ren reading is seldom used on its own. It is most often used in compounds.

Derived terms

蓮華(れんげ) (renge): a lotus bloom, a lotus flower
蓮根(れんこん) (renkon): a lotus root
蓮台(れんだい) (rendai): a lotus blossom used as a seat or dais for a buddha or bodhisattva
睡蓮(すいれん) (suiren): a water lily
日蓮(にちれん) (nichiren): Nichiren Japanese Buddhist priest

Proper noun

蓮(れん) • (Ren)

a female given name
a surname

References

1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1848 (paper), page 976 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蓮 (MC len). Recorded as Middle Korean 련 (lyen) (Yale: lyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource蓮 (eumhun 연꽃 련 (yeonkkot ryeon), South Korea 연꽃 연 (yeonkkot yeon))

Hanja form^? of 련/연 (“lotus”).

Compounds

목련 (木蓮, mongnyeon)
연근 (蓮根, yeon'geun)
연지 (蓮池, yeonji)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

蓮: Hán Nôm readings: liên

(only in compounds) lotus

[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1848 (paper), page 976 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[KDJ-2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN