葚

葚

See also: 椹

葚 U+845A, 葚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-845A ← 葙 [U+8459] CJK Unified Ideographs 葛 → [U+845B]

Translingual

Han character

葚 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿廿一女 (TTMV), four-corner 4471₁, composition ⿰艹甚)

Derived characters

• 𫃒

Related characters

• 椹 (Variant form)

References

• KangXi: page 1045, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31416
• Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 13
• Unihan data for U+845A

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Chinese

trad.		葚
simp. #		葚
alternative forms		椹 𣞵 黮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 葚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦljumʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Etymology

Area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗum ~ *ɗuum (“ripe; ripe-coloured”) (> Khmer ទុំ (tum, “to be ripe”)), Proto-Kuki-Chin *ɗum (“black; blue”), *thim (“dark”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Also compare 黮 (OC *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ, “dark (as a mulberry)”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn, rèn (shen⁴, ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ, ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁶, zam¹
• Min Nan (POJ): sīm / sǐm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, literary, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, colloquial, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sam⁶, zam¹
    • Yale: sahm, jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁶, dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem⁶, zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²²/, /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
    • Tâi-lô: sīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sim
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕim²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐm
    • Tâi-lô: sǐm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕim²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʑiɪm^X/

Rime
Character	葚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食荏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑimX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑjemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑimX/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəmX/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭĕmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə-d[ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljumʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	葚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ zyimX ›
Old Chinese	/*sə-d[ə]mʔ/
English	mulberry fruit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11298
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	葚
Old Chinese	/*ɦljumʔ/

Definitions

葚

1. mulberry fruit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 桑葚 (“mulberry (fruit)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		葚, 桑葚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		桑葚, 桑葚子
Mandarin	Beijing	桑葚兒
	Taiwan	桑葚
	Bayanhot	桑棗
	Harbin	桑粒兒
	Yantai (Muping)	桑棗兒
	Jinan	桑葚, 桑葚子, 葚子
	Luoyang	桑葚兒
	Wanrong	桑葚子, 桑葚
	Xi'an	桑杏兒
	Yinchuan	桑杏子
	Lanzhou	桑葚, 桑果子
	Xining	桑葚兒
	Ürümqi	桑子
	Wuhan	桑棗
	Huanggang	桑棗兒
	Chengdu	桑果兒, 桑果, 桑泡兒
	Guiyang	桑檬
	Liuzhou	桑果
	Xuzhou	桑葚子
	Yangzhou	桑樹果子
	Nanjing	桑葉果, 桑樹果
	Nantong	桑樹果兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	桑子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	桑杏
Cantonese	Guangzhou	桑棗, 桑葚
	Hong Kong	桑子, 桑葚, 桑棗
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	桑仔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	桑棗
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	桑仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	桑仔
	Macau	桑葚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	桑棗
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	桑棗
	Foshan	桑棗
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	桑棗
	Foshan (Shunde)	桑棗
	Foshan (Sanshui)	桑棗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	桑棗
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	蠶蟲子
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	桑果
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	桑果
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	桑仔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	桑仔
	Taishan	桑仔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	桑仔
	Enping (Niujiang)	桑仔
	Heshan (Yayao)	桑棗
	Dongguan	桑棗
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	桑仔
	Nanning	桑子, 桑果
	Wuzhou	桑子
	Yulin	蠶子
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	蠶子
Gan	Nanchang	桑棗子
	Lichuan	桑子
	Pingxiang	桑子
Hakka	Meixian	桑仔子
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	桑葚
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	桑仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	桑仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	桑子
	Yudu	蠶樹子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	桑仔子
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	桑仔子, 鹽酸仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	桑仔子
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	桑垂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	桑仔子, 桑子, 蠶樹子
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	桑子
	Hong Kong	桑仔
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	桑子
Huizhou	Jixi	桑樹悶, 桑悶
Jin	Taiyuan	桑葚
	Xinzhou	桑錢
	Linhe	桑棗
	Jining	桑棗
Min Bei	Jian'ou	桑桑仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	桑頭子, 桑蘿子
Min Nan	Xiamen	桑材, 桑莓, 桑子
	Quanzhou	桑材
	Zhangzhou	蠶垂子, 蠶箬子
	Pinghe	蠶仔子
	Taipei	桑材仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	桑材仔
	Kaohsiung	鹽桑仔
	Yilan	娘仔樹子, 鹽桑仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	桑材
	Taichung	桑垂
	Tainan	桑材, 桑垂, 鹽桑仔
	Hsinchu	桑材
	Kinmen	桑材
	Penghu (Magong)	桑垂
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	桑果
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	桑子
	Sanxiang	桑子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	桑果
Wu	Shanghai	桑子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	桑顛
	Suzhou	桑果, 桑子
	Wuxi	桑子
	Danyang	桑果, 桑果果
	Hangzhou	桑連果兒, 桑子, 桑子兒
	Ningbo	桑果
	Wenzhou	桑樹棗兒, 桑棗
	Jinhua	桑烏嘟, 桑葚, 桑葚烏珠
Xiang	Changsha	桑葉它它
	Xiangtan	桑棗子
	Loudi	桑葉藨
	Quanzhou	桑果

Compounds

桑葚 (sāngshèn) 桑葚子 (sāngshènzi)

葚子

桑葚兒／桑葚儿 (sāngrènr)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03944
• “葚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

葚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ちん (chin); じん (jin)
• Kun: さわら (sawara, 葚); あてぎ (ategi, 葚)

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Korean

Hanja

葚 (eumhun 오디 심 (odi sim))

1. (오디): mulberry fruit (桑實)

Synonyms

• 椹 (椹) (심, sim)

Compounds

• 地葚 (지심, jisim) berry [1]

See also

• 莓 (莓) (매, mae) berry, strawberry; moss

References

1. 南廣祐 (1997). 敎學古語辭典. 敎學社. p. 968.

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Vietnamese

Han character

葚: Hán Nôm readings: rậm, rườm, rặm, thậm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation