萬乘

See also: 万乗 and 万乘

Chinese

		10,000	chariot pulled by a team of four horses
trad. (萬乘)		萬	乘
simp. (万乘)		万	乘

Etymology

In the Zhou Dynasty, a system was enacted whereby the emperor would be allotted a 1,000 li plot of land, along with a fleet of 10,000 chariots (萬乘／万乘). Later on, the term 萬乘／万乘 came to refer to the emperor.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wànshèng
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁶ sing⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wànshèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wànshèng
  - Wade–Giles: wan⁴-shêng⁴
  - Yale: wàn-shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannshenq
  - Palladius: ваньшэн (vanʹšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: maan⁶ sing⁶
  - Yale: maahn sihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶ sing⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁶ xing⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²² sɪŋ²²/

Middle Chinese: /mʉɐn^H ʑɨŋ^H/

Rime
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無販切	實證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐn^H/	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐn^H/	/ʑɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɐn^H/	/ʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muan^H/	/ʑiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/miuɐn^H/	/d͡ʑiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/mĭwɐn^H/	/d͡ʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯wɐn^H/	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wàn	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maan⁶	sing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s Cə.ləŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*mlans ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wàn	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjon^H ›	‹ zying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ma[n]-s/	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	10000	vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萬	乘
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	12633	1458
Phonetic component	萬	乘
Rime group	元	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	万	乗
Old Chinese	/*mlans/	/*ɦljɯŋs/

Noun

萬乘

(archaic) the emperor
(archaic) 10,000 war chariots (each pulled by a team of four horses)
- 萬乘之國弒其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  万乘之国弑其君者，必千乘之家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wànshèng zhī guó shì qí jūn zhě, bì qiānshèng zhī jiā. [Pinyin]
  In the kingdom of ten thousand chariots, the murderer of his sovereign shall be the chief of a family of a thousand chariots.
a great country