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单词 萬
释义

萬

See also: 万
萬 U+842C, 萬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C
← 萫
[U+842B]		CJK Unified Ideographs萭 →
[U+842D]

Translingual

Japanese万
Simplified万
Traditional萬

Han character

萬 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)

Derived characters

  • 㒖, 噧, 𫮮, 𡽇, 𢶯, 澫, 𤢥, 邁, 𦼌, 𣜜, 燤, 𤛶, 𥖣, 𥜍, 䊪, 𬚑, 蠇, 䜕, 贎, 𧾗, 𨆣, 𨲴, 𡳱, 𨭬, 𬒪, 𫙽, 𪒪
  • 勱, 𪵒, 𧄴, 䖁, 厲, 𫴆, 𭙿, 癘, 𰤅, 𨷈, 𥍈, 𰊶, 𬞒, 𦽳, 蠆, 躉, 䘍, 𪯁, 𬯥, 𨙗
  • 万 (Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 1042, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3247, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+842C

Chinese

trad.萬
simp.万*
alternative forms
 
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅
𬺳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萬
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糲*m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡*m·raːds, *m·rads
噧*hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁*mraːds
勱*mraːds
蠆*m̥ʰraːds
厲*m·rads
勵*m·rads
礪*m·rads
蠣*m·rads
蠇*m·rads
癘*m·rads
濿*m·rads
櫔*m·rads
巁*m·rads
贎*m·rads, *mlans
萬*mlans

Pictogram (象形) – scorpion. This character's original meaning has been lost, and the derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

Etymology

“scorpion”
See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
“religious dance; sorcery”
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”).
“myriad; ten thousand”
Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): wàn (wan4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): wan4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ван (van, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): maan6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): man5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): uan5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): van
    (Meixian, Guangdong): van4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): van3
  • Min Bei (KCR): uāing
  • Min Dong (BUC): uâng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): bān
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuêng7 / bhuang7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): me (T3); ve (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: wàn
      • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: wàn
      • Wade–Giles: wan4
      • Yale: wàn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
      • Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /wän⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: wan4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
      • Sinological IPA (key): /uan²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ван (van, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /væ̃⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: maan6
      • Yale: maahn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: maan6
      • Guangdong Romanization: man6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /maːn²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: man5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐban³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: uan5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /uan¹¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: van
      • Hakka Romanization System: van
      • Hagfa Pinyim: van4
      • Sinological IPA: /van⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: van4
      • Sinological IPA: /ʋan⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: van3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uāing
      • Sinological IPA (key): /uaiŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: uâng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /uɑŋ²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Singapore)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān
      • Tâi-lô: bān
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ban
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /ban²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ban⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ban³³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: bhuêng7 / bhuang7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buēng / buāng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /bueŋ¹¹/, /buaŋ¹¹/
Note:
  • bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
  • bhuang7 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: me (T3); ve (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /me̞²³/, /v̥e̞²³/
Note:
  • 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
  • 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).
  • Middle Chinese: /mʉɐnH/
Rime
Character萬
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)明 (4)
Final (韻)元 (66)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie無販切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/mʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun		/mʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen		/miuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/muanH/
Li
Rong		/miuɐnH/
Wang
Li		/mĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/mi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		wàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		maan6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mlans/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character萬
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		wàn
Middle
Chinese		‹ mjonH ›
Old
Chinese		/*C.ma[n]-s/
English10000

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character萬
Reading #1/1
No.12633
Phonetic
component		萬
Rime
group		元
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		万
Old
Chinese		/*mlans/

Definitions

萬

  1. (obsolete) Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
  2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
  3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000
    兩萬元／两万元  ―  liǎng wàn yuán  ―  twenty thousand dollars
    一百萬／一百万  ―  yībǎi wàn  ―  one million
    四萬萬同胞／四万万同胞  ―  sì wàn wàn tóngbāo  ―  four hundred million compatriots
    萬歲／万岁  ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live
  4. (figurative) a great number; myriad; numerous
    萬眾一心／万众一心  ―  wànzhòngyīxīn  ―  all united
    排除萬難／排除万难  ―  páichúwànnán  ―  to remove all difficulties
  5. very; extremely; absolutely
    萬不得已／万不得已  ―  wànbùdéyǐ  ―  out of absolute necessity; with no other choice
  6. a surname
    • 萬里同志，原名萬明禮，1916年12月出生於山東省東平縣一個貧民家庭。 [MSC, trad.]
      万里同志，原名万明礼，1916年12月出生于山东省东平县一个贫民家庭。 [MSC, simp.]
      From: “万里同志生平”, in People's Daily, 23 July 2015, page 4
      Wàn Lǐ tóngzhì, yuánmíng Wàn Mínglǐ, 1916 nián 12 yuè chūshēng yú Shāndōng xǐng Dōngpíng xiàn yī ge pínmín jiātíng. [Pinyin]
      Comrade Wan Li was originally named Wan Mingli. In December 1916, he was born to a poor family in Dongping County, Shandong Province.

See also

Chinese numbers
0123456789101021031041081012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		〇, 零一二三四五六七八九十百千萬／万
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)		億／亿兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		零壹貳／贰參／叁肆伍陸／陆柒捌玖拾佰仟

Compounds

Derived terms from 萬

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (萬):
  • → Japanese: 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”); 万(ばん) (ban)
  • → Korean: 만(萬) (man, “ten thousand”)
  • → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, “ten thousand”)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: faanh (“ten thousand”), Wanq (surname)
  • → Proto-Hmong: *wi̯aŋꟲ (“ten thousand”)
  • → Kavalan: ban (“ten thousand”)
  • → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Middle Korean: 즈믄 (cumun, “thousand”)
  • → Middle Mongol: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)
    • → English: tumen (“an army unit of 10,000 soldiers, among the ancient Mongols”)
    • Khalkha Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡ (tüme) / түм (tüm)
    • → Persian: تومان‎ (tumân)
      • → English: toman (“former currency of Iran”)
    • → Russian: Тюмень (Tjumenʹ, “Tyumen”)
      • → English: Tyumen (“city in Russia”)
  • → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
  • → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
  • → Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
    • Tocharian B: t(u)māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)
  • → Proto-Tungusic:
    • Manchu: ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ (tumen, “ten thousand”)
      • → Chinese: 圖們／图们 (Túmén, “Tumen, city in China”), 圖們江／图们江 (Túmén Jiāng, “Tumen River, boundary river between China, North Korea and Russia”)
        • → English: Tumen (“city in China”)
        • → Korean: 도문 (圖們, Domun, “Tumen”)
      • → Middle Korean: 투먼〮가ᇰ (Thwùmén-kàng, “Tumen River”)
        • → Korean: 두만강 (豆滿江, Duman'gang, “Tumen River”)
  • → Proto-Turkic: *Tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)
    • Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)
  • → Vietnamese: muôn (𨷈, “ten thousand; all, many”), man (“ten thousand”)
  • → Zhuang: fanh (“ten thousand”)

References

  • “萬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #9891”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai

万

Kyūjitai

萬

Kanji

萬

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)

  1. ten thousand

Readings

  • Go-on: もん (mon)
  • Kan-on: ばん (ban)
  • Kan’yō-on: まん (man)
  • Kun: よろず (yorozu, 萬)←よろづ (yorodu, historical)
  • Nanori: かず (kazu); かつ (katsu); すすむ (susumu); たか (taka); つむ (tsumu); つもる (tsumoru); ま (ma); ゆる (yuru); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 萬(マン)子(ズ) (manzu), 萬(ワン)子(ズ) (wanzu)
  • 一(イー)萬(ワン) (īwan)
  • 二(リャン)萬(ワン) (ryanwan)
  • 三(サン)萬(ワン) (sanwan)
  • 四(スー)萬(ワン) (sūwan)
  • 五(ウー)萬(ワン) (ūwan)
  • 六(リュー)萬(ワン) (ryūwan), 六(ロー)萬(ワン) (rōwan)
  • 七(チー)萬(ワン) (chīwan)
  • 八(パー)萬(ワン) (pāwan)
  • 九(チュー)萬(ワン) (chūwan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
萬
よろず
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(よろず) • (Yorozu) ←よろづ (yorodu)? (kyūjitai, shinjitai 万)

  1. a surname

萬(よろづ) • (Yorozu)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 万)

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
萬
ばん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH). See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(ばん) • (Ban)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 万)

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
萬
まん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.

Proper noun

萬(まん) • (Man)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 万)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448먼〮 (Yale: mén)
    Middle Korean
    TextEumhun
    Gloss (hun)Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527일〮만〯 (Yale: íl-mǎn)만〯 (Yale: mǎn)

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [만(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    Wikisource萬 (eumhun 일만(一萬) 만 (ilman man))

    1. Hanja form? of 만 (“ten thousand”).
    2. Hanja form? of 만 (“myriad”).

    Compounds

    Compounds
    • 만우 (萬有, manu)
    • 만국 (萬國, man'guk)
    • 만약 (萬若, manyak)
    • 만능 (萬能, manneung)
    • 만세 (萬歲, manse)
    • 만물 (萬物, manmul)
    • 만억 (萬億, maneok, “trillion”)
    • 오만 (五萬, oman)
    • 만년필 (萬年筆, mannyeonpil)
    • 만우절 (萬愚節, manujeol, “April Fools' Day”)
    • 만리장성 (萬里長城, Mallijangseong)
    • 만유인력 (萬有引力, manyuillyeok)

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    萬: Hán Việt readings: vạn, muôn
    萬: Nôm readings: vạn, vàn, mại, vẹn, muôn

    Noun

    萬

    1. chữ Hán form of vạn, muôn (“ten thousand”).

    Derived terms

    • 千變萬化 (thiên biến vạn hóa/thiên biến vạn hoá)
    • 萬不得以 (vạn bất đắc dĩ)
    • 萬不得已 (vạn bất đắc dĩ)
    • 萬事 (vạn sự)
    • 萬事如意 (vạn sự như ý)
    • 萬壽 (vạn thọ)
    • 萬字 (chữ vạn)
    • 萬歲 (vạn tuế)
    • 萬歲 (vạn tuế)
    • 萬物 (vạn vật)
    • 萬能 (vạn năng)
    • 萬里長城 (Vạn Lí Trường Thành)
    • 鏡萬華 (kính vạn hoa)
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