菜

See also: 莱

菜	U+83DC, 菜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83DC

← 菛
[U+83DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菝 →
[U+83DD]

菜	U+2F9A3, 菜 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A3

← 菌
[U+2F9A2]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

𦰶 →
[U+2F9A4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

菜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 11 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿月木 (TBD), four-corner 4490₄, composition ⿱艹采)

Derived characters

𢵛, 𮓇

References

KangXi: page 1038, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31184
Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3236, character 10
Unihan data for U+83DC
Unihan data for U+2F9A3

Chinese

trad.		菜
simp. ^#		菜
2nd round simp.		𦬁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
采	*sʰɯːʔ
睬	*sʰɯːʔ
彩	*sʰɯːʔ
採	*sʰɯːʔ
綵	*sʰɯːʔ
寀	*sʰɯːʔ
菜	*sʰɯːs
埰	*sʰɯːs
棌	*sʰɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːs) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).

Etymology

From 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ, “to gather; to pluck”) + nominalizing *-s, literally “what is gathered or plucked” (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007). See 采 for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cài (cai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ
(Chengdu, SP): cai⁴
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цэ (ce, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): coi³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): toi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): cai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhoi
(Meixian, Guangdong): coi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): cai³
Min Bei (KCR): cha̤̿
Min Dong (BUC): chái
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhài / sài
(Teochew, Peng'im): cai³
Wu (Wiktionary): tshe (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): cai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cài
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cài
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴
  - Yale: tsài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
  - Palladius: цай (caj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cai⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цэ (ce, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: coi³
  - Yale: choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: toi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰᵘɔi³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: coi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cha̤̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhài
  - Tâi-lô: tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sài
  - Tâi-lô: sài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: saix
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /sai¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tshe (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe̞³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰʌi^H/

Rime
Character	菜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cài
Middle Chinese	‹ tshoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/
English	vegetables
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菜
Reading #	1/1
No.	1076
Phonetic component	采
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	菜
Old Chinese	/*sʰɯːs/

Definitions

菜

vegetable; greens (Classifier: 條／条 c)
蔬菜 ― shūcài ― vegetables
白菜 ― báicài ― Chinese cabbage
菠菜 ― bōcài ― spinach
1. (specifically, in compounds) rape; rapeseed (plant used for vegetable oil)
  菜籽 ― càizǐ ― rapeseed
  菜油 ― càiyóu ― rapeseed oil
dish; course (Classifier: 盤／盘 m; 道 m)
這道菜很對胃口。／这道菜很对胃口。 ― Zhè dào cài hěn duìwèikǒu. ― This dish is tasty.
每次他來這兒，他都點同樣的菜。 [MSC, trad.]
每次他来这儿，他都点同样的菜。 [MSC, simp.]
Měi cì tā lái zhèr, tā dōu diǎn tóngyàng de cài. [Pinyin]
Whenever he comes to this place, he orders the same dish.
我在考慮我晚飯做什麼菜。 [MSC, trad.]
我在考虑我晚饭做什么菜。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zài kǎolǜ wǒ wǎnfàn zuò shénme cài. [Pinyin]
I'm wondering what to cook for dinner.
cuisine; (type of) food
川菜 ― chuāncài ― Sichuan cuisine
日本菜 ― Rìběn cài ― Japanese food
grocery
買菜／买菜 ― mǎicài ― to buy groceries
菜市場／菜市场 ― càishìchǎng ― farmers' market
(colloquial) (one's) type; cup of tea
他是我的菜！ ― Tā shì wǒ de cài! ― He is my type!
(colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
菜鳥／菜鸟 ― càiniǎo ― noob
我好菜啊。 ― Wǒ hǎo cài a. ― I'm so inferior [to others].
(Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, derogatory) girlfriend (Classifier: 條／条)
a surname: Cai; Tsai

Synonyms

(rape): 油菜 (yóucài)
(dish):

Dialectal synonyms of 菜 (“dish; vegetable or meat dish”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		菜餚, 菜品, 菜蔬
Mandarin	Beijing	菜
	Taiwan	菜
	Tianjin	菜
	Jinan	菜
	Xi'an	菜
	Wuhan	菜
	Chengdu	菜
	Guilin	菜
	Yangzhou	菜
	Hefei	菜
	Singapore	菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	餸, 餸菜
	Hong Kong	餸, 餸菜
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	餸菜
	Macau	餸
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	餸
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	餸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	餸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	餸
	Foshan	餸
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	餸
	Foshan (Shunde)	餸
	Foshan (Sanshui)	餸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	餸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	餸
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	餸
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	餸
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	餸
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	餸
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	餸
	Taishan	餸, 餸菜
	Kaiping (Chikan)	餸
	Enping (Niujiang)	餸
	Heshan (Yayao)	餸
	Dongguan	餸
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	餸
	Yangjiang	餸
	Beihai	餸
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	菜
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	菜
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	菜
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	菜餸
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	餸
	Singapore (Guangfu)	餸
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	餸
	Móng Cái	菜
Gan	Nanchang	菜
Hakka	Meixian	菜
Jin	Taiyuan	菜
Min Bei	Jian'ou	菜
	Songxi	菜
	Jianyang	菜
Min Dong	Fuzhou	配
	Gutian	配飯菜
	Fuding	乇配
Min Nan	Xiamen	物配, 菜配, 菜
	Quanzhou	物配, 菜
	Yongchun	菜
	Zhangzhou	物配
	Singapore (Hokkien)	物配, 菜配
	Manila (Hokkien)	物配
	Longyan	配
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	配
	Chaozhou	物配
	Jieyang	物配
	Leizhou	物配, 配
Puxian Min	Putian	物配
Min Zhong	Yong'an	菜
Min Zhong	Shaxian	配
Wu	Shanghai	小菜
	Suzhou	小菜
	Shaoxing	下飯
	Ningbo	下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
	Zhoushan	下飯, 菜蔬, 小菜 rare
	Wenzhou	配, 餚配
Xiang	Changsha	菜
Xiang	Shuangfeng	菜

(cuisine): 餐 (cān)
(girlfriend):

Dialectal synonyms of 女朋友 (“girlfriend”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		女朋友, 女友
Mandarin	Beijing	女朋友
	Taiwan	女朋友, 女友, 馬子 humorous or derogatory
	Chengdu	女娃子, 女娃娃, 女娃兒, 盤子
	Guilin	𧊅
	Xuzhou	女朋友
	Nanjing	女朋友, 攀西
	Singapore	女朋友
Cantonese	Guangzhou	女朋友, 女
	Hong Kong	女朋友, 女友, 女, 女女, 菜 derogatory
	Taishan	女朋友, 女
	Dongguan	皮油
	Singapore (Guangfu)	女朋友
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	細妹朋友, 女朋友
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	細妹朋友, 女朋友
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	細妹朋友, 女朋友
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	細妹朋友, 女朋友
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	妹子朋友, 女朋友
Min Dong	Fuzhou	女朋友
Min Nan	Xiamen	女朋友
	Shishi	女朋友
	Taipei	姼仔 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	查某朋友
	Singapore (Hokkien)	查某朋友
	Manila (Hokkien)	女朋友, 查某朋友
	Chaozhou	女朋友
	Haifeng	女朋友
	Singapore (Teochew)	查某朋友
	Leizhou	女朋友
Wu	Shanghai	女朋友
	Suzhou	女朋友
	Hangzhou	女朋友
	Ningbo	女朋友
	Zhoushan	女朋友
Xiang	Changsha	妹子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Derived terms from 菜

A菜 (ēi-cài, “Indian Lettuce”)
上菜 (shàngcài)
下酒菜 (xiàjiǔcài)
主菜 (zhǔcài)
便菜
做菜 (zuòcài)
冬寒菜 (“Chinese Mallow”)
冬菜 (dōngcài, “preserved dried cabbage or mustard greens”) ( winter vegetable)
剩菜 (shèngcài)
加菜 (jiācài)
加菜金 (jiācàijīn)
包心菜 (bāoxīncài)
卷心菜
叫菜
合菜戴帽
名菜 (míngcài)
和菜
咬菜根
嚼菜根
堂菜
大菜 (dàcài)
好菜
客菜
家常菜 (jiāchángcài)
小白菜 (xiǎobáicài)
小菜 (xiǎocài)
布菜 (bùcài)
年菜 (niáncài)
招牌菜 (zhāopáicài)
拿手菜 (náshǒucài)
果菜 (guǒcài)
椰菜 (yēcài)
水耕蔬菜
沉菜
油菜 (yóucài)
泡菜 (pàocài)
洋白菜 (yángbáicài)
洋菜 (yángcài)
海白菜
海菜 (hǎicài, “(edible) seaweed”)
漏虀搭菜
炒菜 (chǎocài)
煮菜
熟菜
熬菜
燕菜 (yàncài)
珊瑚菜
甘紫菜
甜菜 (tiáncài)
生菜 (shēngcài)
番菜
白屈菜 (báiqūcài)
白花菜
白菜 (báicài)
盆菜 (péncài)
盒子菜
眼子菜
石花菜 (shíhuācài)
砍瓜切菜
空心菜 (kōngxīncài)
素菜 (sùcài)
紫菜 (zǐcài)
翠玉白菜
芥菜 (jiècài)
花椰菜 (huāyēcài)
芹菜 (qíncài)
芽菜 (yácài, “mungbean sprout, soybean sprout”)
苦菜 (kǔcài)
茅膏菜
茯苓菜
荇菜 (xìngcài)
莕菜
菘菜
菜刀 (càidāo)
菜包子 (càibāozi)

菜圃 (càipǔ)
菜姑 (chhài-ko͘)
菜子
菜市 (càishì)
菜市口 (Càishìkǒu)
菜式 (càishì)
菜心 (càixīn)
菜根
菜案 (cài'àn)
菜油 (càiyóu)
菜牛 (càiniú)
菜瓜 (càiguā)
菜瓜布
菜畦 (càiqí)
菜盒子
菜秧 (càiyāng)
菜籽 (càizǐ)
菜色 (càisè)
菜花 (càihuā)
菜茹
菜蔬 (càishū)
菜薹 (càitái)
菜虎子
菜蚜
菜豆 (càidòu)
菜青 (càiqīng)
菠菜 (bōcài)
菫菜
菰菜
蓼菜成行
蔊菜 (hàncài)
蔬菜 (shūcài)
蕹菜 (wèngcài)
蕺菜 (jícài)
藤菜 (téngcài)
行菜
豆芽菜 (dòuyácài)
辣菜 (làcài)
辣菜根子
配菜 (pèicài)
酒菜 (jiǔcài)
酸菜 (suāncài)
野菜 (yěcài)
金花菜
青江白菜
青菜 (qīngcài)
面有菜色 (miànyǒucàisè)
韭菜 (jiǔcài)
韭菜盒子 (jiǔcài hézi)
韭菜花 (jiǔcàihuā)
香菜 (xiāngcài)
鹿角菜
榨菜 (zhàcài)
羊栖菜 (yángqīcài)
下飯菜兒／下饭菜儿
中國菜／中国菜 (Zhōngguócài)
乾菜／干菜 (gāncài)
佈菜／布菜
八寶菜／八宝菜 (bābǎocài)
冷凍蔬菜／冷冻蔬菜
大菜間／大菜间
大鍋菜／大锅菜
大頭菜／大头菜 (dàtóucài)
寶塔菜／宝塔菜
小菜碟兒／小菜碟儿
小菜飯／小菜饭
小鍋菜／小锅菜
捕蟲堇菜／捕虫堇菜
擇菜／择菜 (zháicài)
攤黃菜／摊黄菜
放小菜兒／放小菜儿
春菜絲兒／春菜丝儿
有機蔬菜／有机蔬菜
果菜市場／果菜市场
果菜類／果菜类

根菜類／根菜类 (gēncàilèi)
法國菜／法国菜
波稜菜／波棱菜
滷菜／卤菜 (lǔcài)
番菜館／番菜馆
盤菜／盘菜 (páncài)
組合菜／组合菜
羅漢菜／罗汉菜
羊踏菜園／羊踏菜园
義大利菜／义大利菜
肉邊菜／肉边菜
芥菜頭／芥菜头
芥藍菜／芥蓝菜 (gàiláncài)
花菜類／花菜类
草腹菜腸／草腹菜肠
荳芽菜／豆芽菜
莧菜／苋菜 (xiàncài)
菜單／菜单 (càidān)
菜園／菜园 (càiyuán)
菜場／菜场 (càichǎng)
菜市場／菜市场 (càishìchǎng)
菜攤／菜摊 (càitān)
菜根譚／菜根谭
菜殼子／菜壳子
菜油燈／菜油灯
菜籃／菜篮
菜蟲／菜虫 (càichóng)
菜譜／菜谱 (càipǔ)
菜貨／菜货
菜農／菜农 (càinóng)
菜頭／菜头 (càitóu)
菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo)
菜館／菜馆 (càiguǎn)
菜饌／菜馔
菜馬／菜马
菜鳥／菜鸟 (càiniǎo)
菜鴨／菜鸭
菜鴿子／菜鸽子
菠稜菜／菠棱菜
葉甜菜／叶甜菜 (yètiáncài)
葉菜類／叶菜类
葷菜／荤菜 (hūncài)
蒓菜／莼菜 (chúncài)
蓋菜／盖菜 (gàicài)
薺菜／荠菜 (jìcài)
裙帶菜／裙带菜 (qúndàicài)
貢菜／贡菜
買菜／买菜 (mǎicài)
買菜求益／买菜求益
車輪菜／车轮菜
醃菜／腌菜 (yāncài)
醬菜／酱菜 (jiàngcài)
釋菜／释菜
野莧菜／野苋菜
金針菜／金针菜 (jīnzhēncài)
銀條菜／银条菜
長年菜／长年菜
雜合菜／杂合菜
霉乾菜／霉干菜 (méigāncài)
頭髮菜／头发菜 (tóufacài)
飛龍菜／飞龙菜
飯菜／饭菜 (fàncài)
餔菜／𫗦菜
高麗菜／高丽菜 (gāolícài)
髮菜／发菜 (fàcài)
鮭菜／鲑菜
鵝仔菜／鹅仔菜 (ngò-é-chhoi)
鵠形菜色／鹄形菜色
鷓鴣菜／鹧鸪菜
鹹菜／咸菜 (xiáncài)
黃花菜／黄花菜 (huánghuācài)
黃花蜜菜／黄花蜜菜
點菜／点菜 (diǎncài)
龍鬚菜／龙须菜 (lóngxūcài)

References

“菜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #8956”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai	菜
Kyūjitai [1][2][3]	菜󠄁 菜+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	菜󠄄 菜+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
	菜󠄃 菜+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

菜

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

greens; vegetables
rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
side dish

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)^{←さい (sai, historical)}
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)^{←さい (sai, historical)}
Kun: な (na, 菜, Jōyō)

Compounds

菜(さい)園(えん) (saien)
菜(さい)花(か) (saika)
菜(さい)果(か) (saika)
菜(さい)館(かん) (saikan)
菜(さい)畦(けい) (saikei)
菜(さい)甲(こう) (saikō)
菜(さい)羹(こう) (saikō)
菜(さい)骨(こつ) (saikotsu)
菜(さい)根(こん) (saikon)
菜(さい)市(し) (saishi)
菜(さい)肆(し) (saishi)
菜(さい)粥(しゅく) (saishuku)
菜(さい)菹(しょ) (saisho)
菜(さい)茹(じょ) (saijo)
菜(さい)色(しょく) (saishoku)
菜(さい)食(しょく) (saishoku)
菜(さい)人(じん) (saijin)
菜(さい)銭(せん) (saisen)
菜(さい)蔬(そ) (saiso)
菜(さい)菹(そ) (saiso)
菜(さい)代(だい) (saidai)
菜(さい)単(たん) (saitan)
菜(さい)地(ち) (saichi)
菜(さい)腸(ちょう) (saichō)
菜(さい)肚(と) (saito)
菜(さい)刀(とう) (saitō)
菜(さい)把(は) (saiha)
菜(さい)伯(はく) (saihaku)
菜(さい)箸(ばし) (saibashi)
菜(さい)飯(はん) (saihan)
菜(さい)夫(ふ) (saifu)
菜(さい)餠(へい) (saihei)
菜(さい)圃(ほ) (saiho)
菜(さい)畝(ほ) (saiho)
菜(さい)油(ゆ) (saiyu)
菜(さい)料(りょう) (sairyō)
菜(さい)籠(ろう) (sairō)
荇菜(あさざ), 莕菜(あさざ) (asaza)
園(えん)菜(さい) (ensai)
塩(えん)菜(さい) (ensai)
果(か)菜(さい) (kasai)
嘉(か)菜(さい) (kasai)
解(かい)菜(さい) (kaisai)
鮭(かい)菜(さい) (kaisai)
寒(かん)菜(さい) (kansai)
葵(き)菜(さい) (kisai)
魚(ぎょ)菜(さい) (gyosai)
芹(きん)菜(さい) (kinsai)
菫(きん)菜(さい) (kinsai)
苦(く)菜(さい) (kusai)
捃(くん)菜(さい) (kunsai)
葷(くん)菜(さい) (kunsai)
菰(こ)菜(さい) (kosai)
咬(こう)菜(さい) (kōsai)
香(こう)菜(さい) (kōsai)
根(こん)菜(さい) (konsai)
祭(さい)菜(さい) (saisai)
雑菜
山(さん)菜(さい) (sansai)
種(しゅ)菜(さい) (shusai)
拾(しゅう)菜(さい) (shūsai)
蓴(じゅん)菜(さい) (junsai)
茹(じょ)菜(さい) (josai)
食(しょく)菜(さい) (shokusai)
水(すい)菜(さい) (suisai)
釈(せき)菜(さい) (sekisai)
前(ぜん)菜(さい) (zensai)
蔬(そ)菜(さい) (sosai)
総(そう)菜(ざい), 惣(そう)菜(ざい) (sōzai)
束(そく)菜(さい) (sokusai)
択(たく)菜(さい) (takusai)
畜(ちく)菜(さい) (chikusai)
摘(てき)菜(さい) (tekisai)
甜(てん)菜(さい) (tensai, “sugar beet”)
奠(てん)菜(さい) (tensai)
冬(とう)菜(さい) (tōsai)
白(はく)菜(さい) (hakusai, “bok choy”)
飯(はん)菜(さい) (hansai)
蘋菜
鼈(べっ)菜(さい) (bessai)
野(や)菜(さい) (yasai)
葉(よう)菜(さい) (yōsai)
冷(れい)菜(さい) (reisai)
萵(わ)菜(さい) (wasai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菜
な Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) な [náꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[4][5][6]
IPA^(key): [na̠]

Noun

菜(な) • (na)

greens

Derived terms

菜(な)刀(がたな) (nagatana)
菜(な)粥(がゆ) (nagayu)
菜(な)殻(がら)火(び) (nagarabi)
菜(な)葱(ぎ) (nagi)
菜(な)種(たね) (natane)
菜(な)漬(づ)け (nazuke)
菜(な)っ葉(ぱ) (nappa)
菜(な)の花(はな) (nanohana)
菜(な)畑(ばたけ) (nabatake)
菜(な)花(ばな) (nabana)
菜(な)虫(むし) (namushi)
菜(な)飯(めし) (nameshi)
菜(な)類(るい) (narui)
青(あお)菜(な) (aona)
蕪(かぶ)菜(な) (kabuna), 蕪(かぶら)菜(な) (kaburana): turnip
茎(くき)菜(な) (kukina)
小(こ)松(まつ)菜(な) (komatsuna): komatsuna
塩(しお)菜(な) (shiona)
菘(すずな) (suzuna), 鈴(すず)菜(な) (suzuna): turnip
摘(つみ)菜(な) (tsumina)
苦(にが)菜(な) (nigana)
冬(ふゆ)菜(な) (fuyuna)
水(みず)菜(な) (mizuna)

References

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “菜”, in 字通普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

菜 • (chae) (hangeul 채)

An edible plant or leaf of plant. greens; vegetables

Compounds

야채 (野菜, yachae, “vegetable”)
채소 (菜蔬, chaeso, “vegetable”)
채소류 (菜蔬類, chaesoryu)
채소밭 (菜蔬밭, chaesobat, “vegetable garden”)
향채 (香菜, hyangchae, “coriander”)
채식주의 (菜食主義, chaesikjuui, “vegetarianism”)
채식주의자 (菜食主義者, chaesikjuuija, “vegetarian”)
건채 (乾菜, geonchae, “ dried vegetable(s)”)
공심채 (空心菜, gongsimchae, “ water spinach”)

Vietnamese

Han character

菜: Hán Nôm readings: thái, thủy/thuỷ, linh, lê

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “菜”, in 字通普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

[2] 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1033 (paper), page 529 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

[3] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1826 (paper), page 965 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[DJR-4] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK7-6] 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN