菌

菌	U+83CC, 菌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CC

← 菋
[U+83CB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菍 →
[U+83CD]

菌	U+2F9A2, 菌 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A2

← 菊
[U+2F9A1]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

菜 →
[U+2F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

菌 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿田竹木 (TWHD), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱艹囷)

References

KangXi: page 1037, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31156
Dae Jaweon: page 1495, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3234, character 9
Unihan data for U+83CC
Unihan data for U+2F9A2

Chinese

trad.		菌
simp. ^#		菌
alternative forms		蔨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
菌	ɡonʔ, ɡrunʔ
麇	*krun
麕	*krun
囷	kʰrun, ɡrun
箘	kʰrun, ɡrunʔ
攈	*kuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡonʔ, *ɡrunʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 囷 (OC *kʰrun, *ɡrun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(i/u)n (“mushroom; fungus”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jūn, jùn, jǔn (jun¹, jun⁴, jun³)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ, ㄐㄩㄣˋ, ㄐㄩㄣˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kwan²
(Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khún
(Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
  - Wade–Giles: chün¹
  - Yale: jyūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
  - Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
  - Wade–Giles: chün⁴
  - Yale: jyùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
  - Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
- (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔn
  - Wade–Giles: chün³
  - Yale: jyǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeun
  - Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan²
  - Yale: kwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
  - Tâi-lô: khún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

Definitions

菌

general term for various kinds of organisms, including bacteria (細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)), fungus (真菌 (zhēnjūn)), etc.
抑菌 ― yìjūn ― to inhibit bacteria
有好多菌 [Cantonese] ― jau⁵ hou² do¹ kwan² [Jyutping] ― have lots of bacteria; be germy

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jùn (jun⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kwan²
(Taishan, Wiktionary): kun⁴
Min Dong (BUC): kūng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khún
(Teochew, Peng'im): kung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyùn
  - Wade–Giles: chün⁴
  - Yale: jyùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiunn
  - Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan²
  - Yale: kwán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰun²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
  - Tâi-lô: khún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quon
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiuɪn^X/, /ɡʉɐn^X/

Rime
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (45)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	渠殞切	求晚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiuɪn^X/	/ɡʉɐn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷᵚin^X/	/ɡʷiɐn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuen^X/	/ɡiuɐn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin^X/	/guan^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjuĕn^X/	/ɡiuɐn^X/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn^X/	/ɡĭwɐn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn^X/	/gi̯wɐn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jùn	juàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan⁶	gyun⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]runʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡonʔ/, /*ɡrunʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	菌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jùn
Middle Chinese	‹ gwin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]runʔ/
English	mushroom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菌	菌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10746	10752
Phonetic component	囷	囷
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	𧯦	窘
Old Chinese	/*ɡonʔ/	/*ɡrunʔ/
Notes		原列軫韻

Definitions

菌

mushroom
- 朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Cháojūn bùzhī huìshuò, huìgū bùzhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]
  The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn.
Alternative form of 箘 (jùn, “bamboo shoots”).
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 菌

不孕真菌
乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
亮菌
噬人菌
固氮菌 (gùdànjūn)
子囊菌
寄生菌
弧菌 (hújūn)
微菌 (wēijūn)
抗菌 (kàngjūn)
抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
抗菌血清
披衣菌 (pīyījūn)
朝菌
松菌 (sōngjūn)
根瘤菌 (gēnliújūn)
活性菌
淋菌 (lìnjūn)
牙菌斑 (yájūnbān)
球菌 (qiújūn)
瓢菌素
生菌
病原菌 (bìngyuánjūn)
病菌 (bìngjūn)
真菌 (zhēnjūn)
羊肚菌 (yángdǔjūn)
菌子 (jùnzi)
菌幕
菌托
菌柄 (jūnbǐng)
菌核
菌根
菌桂

菌界
菌肥
菌苗 (jūnmiáo)
菌落 (jūnluò)
菌血症 (jūnxuèzhèng)
菌褶 (jūnzhé)
葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
藻菌植物
螺旋菌
裂殖菌
酵母菌
非病原菌
食菌
香菌
低溫殺菌／低温杀菌
傘菌／伞菌
光合細菌／光合细菌
厭氣菌／厌气菌
厭氧菌／厌氧菌 (yànyǎngjūn)
噬菌體／噬菌体 (shìjūntǐ)
夏蟲朝菌／夏虫朝菌
大腸桿菌／大肠杆菌 (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
大腸菌／大肠菌
大腸菌類／大肠菌类
巴氏桿菌／巴氏杆菌
布氏桿菌／布氏杆菌
布魯氏菌／布鲁氏菌 (bùlǔshìjūn)
帶菌／带菌
帶菌者／带菌者
抗菌藥／抗菌药
擔子菌／担子菌
桿菌／杆菌 (gǎnjūn)

棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
殺菌／杀菌 (shājūn)
殺菌劑／杀菌剂
氯絲菌素／氯丝菌素
滅菌／灭菌 (mièjūn)
無菌／无菌 (wújūn)
無菌室／无菌室
痢疾桿菌／痢疾杆菌
細菌／细菌 (xìjūn)
細菌學／细菌学 (xìjūnxué)
細菌武器／细菌武器
結核菌／结核菌
網傘菌／网伞菌
肉毒桿菌／肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
菌傘／菌伞 (jūnsǎn)
菌原體／菌原体
菌絲／菌丝 (jūnsī)
菌絲體／菌丝体 (jūnsītǐ)
菌膠團／菌胶团
菌蓋／菌盖 (jūngài)
菌血癥／菌血症
菌質／菌质
菌陳蒿／菌陈蒿
菌類／菌类 (jūnlèi)
輻射滅菌／辐射灭菌
鏈球菌／链球菌 (liànqiújūn)
雙球菌／双球菌
霍亂弧菌／霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)
馬勃菌／马勃菌
黑黴菌／黑霉菌
黴菌／霉菌 (méijūn)
黴菌病／霉菌病

Japanese

Kanji

菌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)}^{←くゐん (kwin, ancient)}
Kun: きのこ (kinoko, 菌)

Compounds

細菌(さいきん) (saikin): bacterium, germ
納豆菌(なっとうきん) (nattō kin): Bacillus subtilis var. natto

Korean

Hanja

菌 (eumhun 버섯 균 (beoseot gyun))

Hanja form^? of 균 (“mushroom”).
Hanja form^? of 균 (“germ, microbe”).

Vietnamese

Han character

菌: Hán Nôm readings: khuẩn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.