莖

莖

See also: 茎

莖 U+8396, 莖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8396 ← 莕 [U+8395] CJK Unified Ideographs 莗 → [U+8397]

Translingual

Traditional	莖
Shinjitai	茎
Simplified	茎

Han character

莖 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一女一 (TMVM), four-corner 4410₁, composition ⿱艹巠)

References

• KangXi: page 1034, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31052
• Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8396

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Chinese

trad.		莖
simp.		茎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (坙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羥	*kʰreːn, *kʰreːŋ
俓	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡreːŋ, *keːŋs
牼	*kʰreːŋ, *ɡreːŋ
硁
誙	*kʰreːŋ
娙	*ŋɡreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
莖	*ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ
痙	*ɡeŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠／𢀖 (OC *keːŋ).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).

脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīng, jìng (jing¹, jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kîn / kóang

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gin¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hûiⁿ / hoâiⁿ / hôaⁿ / keng / kèng / hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìngr
    • Wade–Giles: chingrh⁴
    • Yale: jìngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienql
    • Palladius: цзинр (czinr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
    • Yale: ging, gīng, hàhng, kwáang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³, ging¹, heng⁴, kuang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ⁵⁵/, /hɐŋ²¹/, /kʷʰaːŋ³⁵/

Note:

• ging1, hang4, kwaang2 - variants;
• kwaang2 - also written as 梗.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn / kóang
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin´ / guang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ / guang³
    • Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/, /ku̯aŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /cin⁴⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huâinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaai
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /huãi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huãi²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaa
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huã¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/

Note:

• hûiⁿ/hoâiⁿ/hôaⁿ - vernacular;
• keng/kèng - vernacular (俗);
• hêng - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛŋ/

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸耕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k-lˤ<r>eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k-lˁ<r>eŋ/
English	stalk (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
No.	6786
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莖
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

1. stem; stalk; something like a stalk
2. ^† tall and straight
3. ^† pillar
4. ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) penis
5. ^† handle
6. Classifier for strips or stalks of objects.

Synonyms

• (stem): (literary) 稿 (gǎo)

Compounds

六莖／六茎 (Liùjīng) 包莖／包茎 (bāojīng) 匍匐莖／匍匐茎 地下莖／地下茎 塊莖／块茎 (kuàijīng) 平臥莖／平卧茎 攀緣莖／攀缘茎

木質莖／木质茎 枯莖朽骨／枯茎朽骨 (kūjīngxiǔgǔ) 根莖／根茎 (gēnjīng) 玉莖／玉茎 (yùjīng) 球莖／球茎 (qiújīng) 直立莖／直立茎 纏繞莖／缠绕茎 (chánràojīng)

草質莖／草质茎 (cǎozhìjīng) 莖稈／茎秆 (jīnggǎn) 走莖／走茎 陰莖／阴茎 (yīnjīng) 飛莖／飞茎 鱗莖／鳞茎 (línjīng)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ying
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
    • Palladius: ин (in)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔˠɛŋ/

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏莖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔɛŋ/
Wang Li	/æŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ang1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qreːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
No.	6788
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	甖
Old Chinese	/*qreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

1. Only used in 姚莖／姚茎.

References

• “莖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	茎
Kyūjitai	莖

Kanji

莖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 茎)

1. stem
2. stalk

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kan’yō-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: くき (kuki, 莖); なかご (nakago, 莖)

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Korean

Hanja

莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 男莖

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Vietnamese

Han character

莖: Hán Nôm readings: hành, kinh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.