草鞋

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	shoe
trad. (草鞋)		草	鞋
simp. ^#(草鞋)		草	鞋

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎoxié
(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² haai⁴
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): cau³ hai²
Jin (Wiktionary): cau² hai¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chháu-ôe / chháu-ê
(Teochew, Peng'im): cao² oi⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoxié
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎosié
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-hsieh²
  - Yale: tsǎu-syé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoshye
  - Palladius: цаосе (caose)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɕjɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² haai⁴
  - Yale: chóu hàaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² haai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² hai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ haːi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cau³ hai²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau³¹ haɪ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cau² hai¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰau⁵³ xai¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-ôe
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-uê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhawoee
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ue²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ue²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-ê
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-ê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhawee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ e²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cao² oi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsháu ôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ oi⁵⁵/

Noun

草鞋

straw sandal

Synonyms

千里馬／千里马 (qiānlǐmǎ)

Dialectal synonyms of 草鞋 (“straw shoe; straw sandal”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		草鞋
Mandarin	Taiwan	草鞋
	Xi'an	草鞋
	Guiyang	草鞋
	Xuzhou	草呱子
	Yangzhou	蒲鞋, 草窩子, 毛窩子
	Nanjing	草鞋, 蒲鞋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	草鞋
Cantonese	Dongguan	草鞋
Gan	Nanchang	草鞋
Gan	Lichuan	草鞋
Hakka	Meixian	草鞋
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	草鞋
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	草鞋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	草鞋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	草鞋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	草鞋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	草鞋
Huizhou	Jixi	草鞋
Jin	Taiyuan	草鞋
Min Bei	Jian'ou	草屩
Min Dong	Fuzhou	草鞋
Min Nan	Shantou	草鞋
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	草鞋
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	草鞋, 蒲鞋
	Danyang	草鞋
	Hangzhou	蒲鞋
	Ningbo	蒲鞋
	Wenzhou	蒲鞋
	Jinhua	草鞋
Xiang	Loudi	草鞋

Derived terms

草鞋踏
草鞋親／草鞋亲

草鞋錢／草鞋钱

Related terms

涼鞋／凉鞋 (liángxié)

Japanese

草鞋 (waraji, waranji, waranzu, warazu, warōzu, sōkai, sōai): traditional Japanese straw sandals.

草鞋 (warōzu, sōkai, sōai): traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
わら Grade: 1	くつ > じ Hyōgaiji
irregular

/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /warand͡ʑi/ → /warad͡ʑi/

Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) +‎ 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3][4]

Appears with this reading during the Edo period (1603–1868).[5] Now the most common reading for the straw sandals sense.

The sense appears to have developed from straw footwear in general, to more specifically straw sandals. The oldest reading waragutsu is still current in modern Japanese with the 藁沓 spelling, now often referring more specifically to straw shoes or boots that enclose the feet.[1][2][3]

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Alternative forms

藁沓, 鞋 (rare)

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

(Tokyo) わらじ [wàrájí] (Heiban – [0])[2][6][7]
IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠ʑi]

Noun

草(わら)鞋(じ) • (waraji) ^{←わらぢ (waradi)^?}

traditional Japanese straw sandals

Derived terms

草鞋虫(わらじむし) (waraji mushi), 鼠姑(わらじむし) (waraji mushi, “a woodlouse that cannot curl up into a ball”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
わら Grade: 1	くつ > んじ Hyōgaiji
irregular

/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /warand͡ʑi/

Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) +‎ 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]

Appears with this reading in the late 1400s, during the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾã̠n(d͡)ʑi]

Noun

草(わら)鞋(んじ) • (waranji) ^{←わらんぢ (warandi)^?}

(archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
わら Grade: 1	くつ > んず Hyōgaiji
irregular

/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /waranzu/

Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) +‎ 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]

Appears with this reading in the The Tale of the Heike, compiled some time between 1185 and 1330. Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾã̠n(d͡)zɨᵝ]

Noun

草(わら)鞋(んず) • (waranzu) ^{←わらんづ (warandu)^?}

(archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
わら Grade: 1	くつ > ず Hyōgaiji
irregular

/waraɡut͡su/ → /waraud͡zu/ → /warad͡zu/ → /warazu/

Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) +‎ 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1]

Appears with this reading in the Kanchi-in edition of the Ruiju Myōgishō, compiled during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠zɨᵝ]

Noun

草(わら)鞋(ず) • (warazu) ^{←わらづ (waradu)^?}

(archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw sandals

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
わら > わろ Grade: 1	くつ > うず Hyōgaiji
irregular

/waraɡut͡su/ → /waraud͡zu/ → /warɔːd͡zu/ → /waroːd͡zu/ → /waroːzu/

Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) +‎ 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]

Appears with this reading in the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s. Superseded in modern usage by waraji above for the straw sandal sense, and by 藁沓 (waragutsu) for the straw shoe or boot sense.

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Alternative forms

藁沓

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)

IPA^(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾo̞ːzɨᵝ]

Noun

草(わろ)鞋(うず) • (warōzu) ^{←わろうづ (waroudu)^?}

(archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals
(archaic) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
そう Grade: 1	かい Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 草鞋 (MC t͡sʰɑu^X ɦˠɛ|ɦˠɛi, “straw shoe, straw sandal”).

Appears with this reading in the Konjaku Monogatarishū, compiled in the early 1100s.

Pronunciation

Kan’yōyomi

(Tokyo) そーかい [sòókáí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːka̠i]

Noun

草(そう)鞋(かい) • (sōkai) ^{←さうかい (saukai)^?}

(rare) traditional Japanese straw sandals
(rare) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots
Alternative spelling of 挿鞋: formal footwear made of wood and embroidery, worn by the emperor at court

Usage notes

The waraji reading above is more common for the straw sandals sense, and the term 藁沓 (waragutsu) is more common for the straw shoes or boots sense.

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
草	鞋
そう Grade: 1	かい > あい Hyōgaiji
kan’yōon

Shift from earlier sōkai reading (see above), adopting the kan'yōyomi of ai for the 鞋 character, rather than its regular kan'on reading of kai.[1][2]

Appears with this reading in the Taiheiki, compiled in the late 1300s. Superseded in modern usage by sōkai above.

Pronunciation

Kan’yōyomi

(Tokyo) そーあい [sòóáí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [so̞ːa̠i]

Noun

草(そう)鞋(あい) • (sōai) ^{←さうあい (sauai)^?}

(archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw sandals
(archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
“わらうず”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KJE-4] 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[5] “わらうず”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998

[NHK-6] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-7] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN