草書

草書

See also: 草书

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	book; letter
trad. (草書)		草	書
simp. (草书)		草	书

Chinese calligraphy in the style of cursive script (Dong Qichang, 1603)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎoshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² syu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-sû
• Min Nan (POJ): chhó-chir / chhó-su / chhó-si / chháu-su

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoshū
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoshu
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-shu¹
    • Yale: tsǎu-shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoshu
    • Palladius: цаошу (caošu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² syu¹
    • Yale: chóu syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ ʃyː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: co` su´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co³ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ su²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-chir
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-tsir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-su
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysw
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-si
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-su
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhawsw
    • IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑu^X  ɕɨʌ/

Rime
Character	草	書
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	采老切	傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawX/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou2	syu1

Noun

草書

1. (calligraphy) cursive script

Usage notes

Sometimes translated as grass script, mistaking the character 草 (cǎo) as meaning grass, when in fact it refers to writing which is careless; sloppy; hasty, for example the meaning implied in the compound words 潦草 (liáocǎo) and 草率 (cǎoshuài).

Synonyms

edit

草字 (cǎozì) 草寫／草写 (cǎoxiě)

草寫體／草写体 (cǎoxiětǐ) 草體／草体 (cǎotǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草書):

• → Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
• → Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
• → Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

See also

• 楷書／楷书 (kǎishū)
• 行書／行书 (xíngshū)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
草	書
そう Grade: 1	しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 草書 (MC t͡sʰɑu^X ɕɨʌ).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) そーしょ [sòóshó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːɕo̞]

Noun

草(そう)書(しょ) • (sōsho) ^{←さうしよ (sausyo)?}

1. grass script (cursive writing)

See also

• 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)
• 行書(ぎょうしょ) (gyōsho)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
草	書

Noun

草書 • (choseo) (hangeul 초서)

1. Hanja form^? of 초서 (“grass script”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
草	書

Noun

草書

1. chữ Hán form of thảo thư (“grass script”).