英雄

英雄

Chinese

		flower; hero; brave flower; hero; brave; outstanding; (abbrev) Britain; English	heroic; male
trad. (英雄)		英	雄
simp. #(英雄)		英	雄
2nd round simp.		英厷

Etymology

Attested earliest in《六韜》 Six Secret Teachings, attributed to Jiang Ziya though likely dating from the Warring States period:

• 武王問太公曰：「王者舉兵，欲簡練英雄，知士之高下，為之奈何？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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  武王问太公曰：“王者举兵，欲简练英雄，知士之高下，为之奈何？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: 《六韜》 Six Secret Teachings; translation based on Sawyer (1993)

  Wǔwáng wèn Tàigōng yuē: “Wángzhě jǔbīng, yù jiǎnliàn yīngxióng, zhī shì zhī gāoxià, wéi zhī nàihé?” [Pinyin]

  King Wu asked the Grand Duke: “If a king wants to raise an army, how should he go about selecting and training heroes and determine their moral qualifications?”

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yīngxióng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄥˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹ hung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-hiùng
• Min Dong (BUC): ĭng-hṳ̀ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): eng-hiông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): êng¹ hiong⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): in hhion (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīngxióng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yingsyóng
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹-hsiung²
    • Yale: yīng-syúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ingshyong
    • Palladius: инсюн (insjun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵ ɕjʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing¹ hung⁴
    • Yale: yīng hùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹ hung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying¹ hung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: in´ hiungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ hiung²
    • Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´ hiungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ hiung²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng-hṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵ ^(h-)ŋyŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng-hiông
    • Tâi-lô: ing-hiông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: enghioong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: êng¹ hiong⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng hiông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: in hhion (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɪɲ⁵⁵ ɦi̯ʊŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiæŋ  ɦɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於驚切	羽弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋ/	/ɦɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋ/	/ɦiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋ/	/ɣiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋ/	/ɦuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋ/	/ɣiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋ/	/ɣĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋ/	/i̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing1	jung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ  [ɢ]ʷəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ  ɡʷɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng	xióng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjæng ›	‹ hjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ<r>aŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
English	young grass plants	male
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14510	4140
Phonetic component	央	厷
Rime group	陽	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	霙	雄
Old Chinese	/*qraŋ/	/*ɡʷɯŋ/

Noun

英雄

1. (literally, martial arts, figuratively) hero

   傳說中的英雄／传说中的英雄  ―  chuánshuō zhōng de yīngxióng  ―  legendary hero

   平民英雄  ―  píngmín yīngxióng  ―  everyday hero

   英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰  ―  yīngxióng háojié  ―  heroes

   人民英雄永垂不朽。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Rénmín yīngxióng yǒngchuíbùxiǔ. [Pinyin]

   Eternal glory to the people’s heroes.

Synonyms

edit

英豪 (yīngháo) 俊傑／俊杰 (jùnjié)

好漢／好汉 (hǎohàn) 龍虎／龙虎 (lónghǔ) (figurative)

Adjective

英雄

1. (attributive) heroic

   英雄事蹟／英雄事迹  ―  yīngxióng shìjì  ―  heroic deed

   英雄的中國人民／英雄的中国人民  ―  yīngxióng de Zhōngguó rénmín  ―  heroic Chinese people

   武漢是英雄的城市。 [MSC, trad.]
   武汉是英雄的城市。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǔhàn shì yīngxióng de chéngshì. [Pinyin]

   Wuhan is a heroic city.

   • 前進，各民族英雄的人民！ [MSC, trad.]
     前进，各民族英雄的人民！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)

     Qiánjìn, gè mínzú yīngxióng de rénmín! [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 英雄

反英雄 (fǎnyīngxióng) 文化英雄 (wénhuà yīngxióng) 民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng) 英雄入彀 英雄出少年 (yīngxióng chū shàonián) 英雄末路 英雄本色 草莽英雄 一文錢逼死英雄漢／一文钱逼死英雄汉 不以成敗論英雄／不以成败论英雄 (bù yǐ chéngbài lùn yīngxióng) 個人英雄主義／个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì) 巾幗英雄／巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng) 慧眼識英雄／慧眼识英雄

時勢造英雄／时势造英雄 (shíshì zào yīngxióng) 無名英雄／无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng) 英雄主義／英雄主义 英雄只怕病來磨／英雄只怕病来磨 英雄好漢／英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn) 英雄所見略同／英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng) 英雄樹／英雄树 英雄氣短／英雄气短 英雄無用武之地／英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì) 英雄短氣／英雄短气 英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié) 英雄難過美人關／英雄难过美人关 (yīngxióng nán guò měirén guān) 超級英雄／超级英雄 (chāojí yīngxióng)

Related terms

• 英雌 (yīngcí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (英雄):

• → Japanese: 英雄(えいゆう) (eiyū)
• → Korean: 영웅(英雄) (yeong'ung)
• → Vietnamese: anh hùng (英雄)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
英	雄
えい Grade: 4	ゆう Grade: S
kan’on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) えーゆう [èéyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [e̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

英(えい)雄(ゆう) • (eiyū) ^{←えいゆう (eyū)?}

1. hero

   Synonym: ヒーロー (hīrō)

Derived terms

• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)時(じ)代(だい) (eiyū jidai)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (eiyū shugi)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)叙(じょ)事(じ)詩(し) (eiyū jojishi)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん) (eiyūshin)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん)話(わ) (eiyū shinwa)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)崇(すう)拝(はい) (eiyū sūhai)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)譚(たん) (eiyūtan)

Idioms

• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)色(いろ)を好(この)む (eiyū iro o konomu)
• 英(えい)雄(ゆう)人(ひと)を欺(あざむ)く (eiyū hito o azamuku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
英	雄
ひで Grade: 4	お Grade: S
nanori

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひでお [hìdéó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çide̞o̞]

Proper noun

英(ひで)雄(お) • (Hideo) 

1. a male given name

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

1. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
英	雄

Noun

英雄 • (yeong'ung) (hangeul 영웅)

1. Hanja form^? of 영웅 (“hero”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
英	雄

Adjective

英雄

1. chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“heroic”).

Noun

英雄

1. chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“hero”).